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Photodegradation of the main synthetic musk (HHCB) in water: kinetic study and influencing factors.

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Title: Photodegradation of the main synthetic musk (HHCB) in water: kinetic study and influencing factors.
Authors: Turan, Hatice1 (AUTHOR), Sebilo, Mathieu2 (AUTHOR), Pigot, Thierry1 (AUTHOR), Monperrus, Mathilde1 (AUTHOR) mathilde.monperrus@univ-pau.fr
Source: Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts. Sep2024, Vol. 26 Issue 9, p1571-1587. 17p.
Subject Terms: *Dissolved organic matter, *Wastewater treatment, Hydroxyl group, Reactive oxygen species, Radicals (Chemistry)
Abstract: Galaxolide (HHCB) is the most common synthetic musk compound detected in numerous daily products. Despite its persistence in the aquatic environment, the photodegradation of HHCB remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the direct and indirect photolysis kinetics of HHCB under simulated sunlight and UVC light. Our aim was to determine the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsible for HHCB degradation in the aquatic environment and to identify its transformation products. The influence of environmental factors on indirect photolysis was investigated by testing both synthetic waters (containing humic acid, carbonate (CO32−), and nitrate (NO3−)) and real waters (riverine and effluent). Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2/UVC) was tested to simulate the wastewater treatment process. Quencher experiments were conducted to identify the role of ROS in HHCB photodegradation, including hydroxyl radicals (˙OH), carbonate radicals (CO3˙−), triplet states of dissolved organic matter (3DOM*), and singlet oxygen (1O2). The results clearly indicated that HHCB was efficiently degraded by direct photolysis under both light conditions. The presence of H2O2 led to the most efficient HHCB degradation due to the high production of ˙OH induced under UVC. Indirect photolysis contribution was observed, induced by ˙OH, CO3˙−, 3DOM*, and 1O2 to different extents depending on the light and matrix composition. The experiments led to the detection of transformation products: HHCB lactone, a well-known transformation product, and two other substances with proposed structures. This study provides a comprehensive identification of the processes involved in the direct and indirect photodegradation of HHCB, which could serve as the basis for evaluating and modeling the fate of HHCB in aquatic environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts is the property of Royal Society of Chemistry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
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  Data: Photodegradation of the main synthetic musk (HHCB) in water: kinetic study and influencing factors.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Turan%2C+Hatice%22">Turan, Hatice</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sebilo%2C+Mathieu%22">Sebilo, Mathieu</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pigot%2C+Thierry%22">Pigot, Thierry</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Monperrus%2C+Mathilde%22">Monperrus, Mathilde</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> mathilde.monperrus@univ-pau.fr</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Environmental+Science%3A+Processes+%26+Impacts%22">Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts</searchLink>. Sep2024, Vol. 26 Issue 9, p1571-1587. 17p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dissolved+organic+matter%22">Dissolved organic matter</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wastewater+treatment%22">Wastewater treatment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydroxyl+group%22">Hydroxyl group</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reactive+oxygen+species%22">Reactive oxygen species</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Radicals+%28Chemistry%29%22">Radicals (Chemistry)</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Galaxolide (HHCB) is the most common synthetic musk compound detected in numerous daily products. Despite its persistence in the aquatic environment, the photodegradation of HHCB remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the direct and indirect photolysis kinetics of HHCB under simulated sunlight and UVC light. Our aim was to determine the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsible for HHCB degradation in the aquatic environment and to identify its transformation products. The influence of environmental factors on indirect photolysis was investigated by testing both synthetic waters (containing humic acid, carbonate (CO32−), and nitrate (NO3−)) and real waters (riverine and effluent). Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2/UVC) was tested to simulate the wastewater treatment process. Quencher experiments were conducted to identify the role of ROS in HHCB photodegradation, including hydroxyl radicals (˙OH), carbonate radicals (CO3˙−), triplet states of dissolved organic matter (3DOM*), and singlet oxygen (1O2). The results clearly indicated that HHCB was efficiently degraded by direct photolysis under both light conditions. The presence of H2O2 led to the most efficient HHCB degradation due to the high production of ˙OH induced under UVC. Indirect photolysis contribution was observed, induced by ˙OH, CO3˙−, 3DOM*, and 1O2 to different extents depending on the light and matrix composition. The experiments led to the detection of transformation products: HHCB lactone, a well-known transformation product, and two other substances with proposed structures. This study provides a comprehensive identification of the processes involved in the direct and indirect photodegradation of HHCB, which could serve as the basis for evaluating and modeling the fate of HHCB in aquatic environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts is the property of Royal Society of Chemistry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1039/d4em00351a
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 17
        StartPage: 1571
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Dissolved organic matter
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Wastewater treatment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hydroxyl group
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Reactive oxygen species
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Radicals (Chemistry)
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Photodegradation of the main synthetic musk (HHCB) in water: kinetic study and influencing factors.
        Type: main
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            NameFull: Turan, Hatice
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            NameFull: Sebilo, Mathieu
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            NameFull: Pigot, Thierry
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            – D: 01
              M: 09
              Text: Sep2024
              Type: published
              Y: 2024
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