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Impact of the Out‐Of‐Plane Flow Shear on Magnetic Reconnection at the Flanks of Earth's Magnetopause.

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Title: Impact of the Out‐Of‐Plane Flow Shear on Magnetic Reconnection at the Flanks of Earth's Magnetopause.
Authors: Liang, Haoming1,2 (AUTHOR) haoming@umd.edu, Chen, Li‐Jen2 (AUTHOR), Bessho, Naoki1,2 (AUTHOR), Ng, Jonathan1,2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics. Oct2024, Vol. 129 Issue 10, p1-15. 15p.
Subject Terms: Shear flow, Interplanetary magnetic fields, Mach number, Shear strength, Magnetic reconnection
Abstract: Magnetic reconnection changes the magnetic field topology and facilitates the energy and particle exchange at magnetospheric boundaries such as the Earth's magnetopause. The flow shear perpendicular to the reconnecting plane prevails at the flank magnetopause under southward interplanetary magnetic field conditions. However, the effect of the out‐of‐plane flow shear on asymmetric reconnection is an open question. In this study, we utilize kinetic simulations to investigate the impact of the out‐of‐plane flow shear on asymmetric reconnection. By systematically varying the flow shear strength, we analyze the flow shear effects on the reconnection rate, the diffusion region structure, and the energy conversion rate. We find that the reconnection rate increases with the upstream out‐of‐plane flow shear, and for the same upstream conditions, it is higher at the dusk side than at the dawn side. The diffusion region is squeezed in the outflow direction due to magnetic pressure which is proportional to the square of the Alfvén Mach number of the shear flow. The out‐of‐plane flow shear increases the energy conversion rate J·E′ $\boldsymbol{J}\cdot {\boldsymbol{E}}^{\prime }$, and for the same upstream conditions, the magnitude of J·E′ $\boldsymbol{J}\cdot {\boldsymbol{E}}^{\prime }$ is larger at the dusk side than at the dawn side. This study reveals that out‐of‐plane flow shear not only enhances the reconnection rate but also significantly boosts energy conversion, with more pronounced effects on the dusk‐side flank than on the dawn‐side flank. These insights pave the way for better understanding the solar wind‐magnetosphere interactions. Key Points: The reconnection rate increases with the out‐of‐plane flow shear and is higher at dusk than at dawn side for the same upstream conditionsThe diffusion region is squeezed in the outflow direction, causing its length to decrease as the out‐of‐plane shear flow increasesThe energy conversion rate increases with flow shear strength and is higher at dusk than at dawn side for the same upstream conditions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Impact of the Out‐Of‐Plane Flow Shear on Magnetic Reconnection at the Flanks of Earth's Magnetopause.
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  Label: Authors
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liang%2C+Haoming%22">Liang, Haoming</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> haoming@umd.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chen%2C+Li‐Jen%22">Chen, Li‐Jen</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bessho%2C+Naoki%22">Bessho, Naoki</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ng%2C+Jonathan%22">Ng, Jonathan</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Geophysical+Research%2E+Space+Physics%22">Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics</searchLink>. Oct2024, Vol. 129 Issue 10, p1-15. 15p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Shear+flow%22">Shear flow</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interplanetary+magnetic+fields%22">Interplanetary magnetic fields</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mach+number%22">Mach number</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Shear+strength%22">Shear strength</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetic+reconnection%22">Magnetic reconnection</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Magnetic reconnection changes the magnetic field topology and facilitates the energy and particle exchange at magnetospheric boundaries such as the Earth's magnetopause. The flow shear perpendicular to the reconnecting plane prevails at the flank magnetopause under southward interplanetary magnetic field conditions. However, the effect of the out‐of‐plane flow shear on asymmetric reconnection is an open question. In this study, we utilize kinetic simulations to investigate the impact of the out‐of‐plane flow shear on asymmetric reconnection. By systematically varying the flow shear strength, we analyze the flow shear effects on the reconnection rate, the diffusion region structure, and the energy conversion rate. We find that the reconnection rate increases with the upstream out‐of‐plane flow shear, and for the same upstream conditions, it is higher at the dusk side than at the dawn side. The diffusion region is squeezed in the outflow direction due to magnetic pressure which is proportional to the square of the Alfvén Mach number of the shear flow. The out‐of‐plane flow shear increases the energy conversion rate J·E′ $\boldsymbol{J}\cdot {\boldsymbol{E}}^{\prime }$, and for the same upstream conditions, the magnitude of J·E′ $\boldsymbol{J}\cdot {\boldsymbol{E}}^{\prime }$ is larger at the dusk side than at the dawn side. This study reveals that out‐of‐plane flow shear not only enhances the reconnection rate but also significantly boosts energy conversion, with more pronounced effects on the dusk‐side flank than on the dawn‐side flank. These insights pave the way for better understanding the solar wind‐magnetosphere interactions. Key Points: The reconnection rate increases with the out‐of‐plane flow shear and is higher at dusk than at dawn side for the same upstream conditionsThe diffusion region is squeezed in the outflow direction, causing its length to decrease as the out‐of‐plane shear flow increasesThe energy conversion rate increases with flow shear strength and is higher at dusk than at dawn side for the same upstream conditions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1029/2024JA033154
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Shear flow
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Interplanetary magnetic fields
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mach number
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      – SubjectFull: Shear strength
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      – SubjectFull: Magnetic reconnection
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Impact of the Out‐Of‐Plane Flow Shear on Magnetic Reconnection at the Flanks of Earth's Magnetopause.
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            NameFull: Liang, Haoming
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            NameFull: Chen, Li‐Jen
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            NameFull: Bessho, Naoki
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            – D: 01
              M: 10
              Text: Oct2024
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              Y: 2024
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