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Evaluation of 10‐m Wind Speed From ISD Meteorological Stations and the MERRA‐2 Reanalysis: Impacts on Dust Emission in the Arabian Peninsula.

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Title: Evaluation of 10‐m Wind Speed From ISD Meteorological Stations and the MERRA‐2 Reanalysis: Impacts on Dust Emission in the Arabian Peninsula.
Authors: Faber, E.1,2 (AUTHOR) efaber1@umbc.edu, Rocha‐Lima, A.1 (AUTHOR), Colarco, P.3 (AUTHOR), Baker, B.4 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres. 11/16/2024, Vol. 129 Issue 21, p1-30. 30p.
Subject Terms: *Mineral dusts, Wind speed, Wind measurement, Radiation chemistry, Meteorological stations
Geographic Terms: Arabian Peninsula
Abstract: Mineral dust is one of the most important aerosols when studying the radiative balance and climate of the planet. There are different dust emission schemes utilized by the atmospheric modeling communities, many of which disagree on basic output quantities such as mass of dust emitted and distribution of mass among size bins. In this work, we examined mineral dust emission from a leading model scheme, the Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport (GOCART), as utilized in the Modern‐Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA‐2) Reanalysis and compared it to dust emissions calculated using wind measurements from ground based weather stations located in the Arabian Peninsula that are included in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) integrated surface database (ISD). An intercomparison of 10‐m wind speed is shown for the Arabian Peninsula region, differences of the observed and modeled wind field are quantified, and impacts of differences on dust emissions are calculated. This analysis shows 10‐m winds in the ISD were generally lower than MERRA‐2 winds, which propagated to dust emissions errors. Our estimate of one of the most significant mass impacts in dust emission is 0.178 Tg/year/grid box with a percent change of over 200% to the recalculated dust emissions from MERRA‐2. These differences in wind speed propagated to a difference in dust mass emitted by the use of a static source function which aids in scaling the mass emitted by the availability of dust in each grid. Additionally, the magnitude of these differences varies seasonally. Plain Language Summary: Dust emissions are related to the cube of wind speed as taken at 10 m above the surface of the planet. There is disagreement in the 10‐m wind speed values between measurements and model calculations. This leads to disagreement in models and measurements and a lowered ability to predict dust events. Inaccurate dust mass estimates contribute to the error in the calculations of the radiative balance of the planet. This study quantifies the differences in the 10‐m wind speeds and the impacts of these disagreements by holding all else constant besides the 10‐m wind speed while looking at the amount of dust emitted as calculated by leading dust emission schemes using values from measurements and models for 10‐m wind speed. Key Points: Evaluated 20 years of 10‐m wind speed integrated surface database observations against the MERRA‐2 Reanalysis wind fieldsLocated sites of agreement, seasonal bias, flatness, and overestimation of windsQuantified the impact of wind speed differences on dust emission at stations in the Arabian Peninsula [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Evaluation of 10‐m Wind Speed From ISD Meteorological Stations and the MERRA‐2 Reanalysis: Impacts on Dust Emission in the Arabian Peninsula.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Faber%2C+E%2E%22">Faber, E.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> efaber1@umbc.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rocha‐Lima%2C+A%2E%22">Rocha‐Lima, A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Colarco%2C+P%2E%22">Colarco, P.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Baker%2C+B%2E%22">Baker, B.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Geophysical+Research%2E+Atmospheres%22">Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres</searchLink>. 11/16/2024, Vol. 129 Issue 21, p1-30. 30p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mineral+dusts%22">Mineral dusts</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wind+speed%22">Wind speed</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wind+measurement%22">Wind measurement</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Radiation+chemistry%22">Radiation chemistry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Meteorological+stations%22">Meteorological stations</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Arabian+Peninsula%22">Arabian Peninsula</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Mineral dust is one of the most important aerosols when studying the radiative balance and climate of the planet. There are different dust emission schemes utilized by the atmospheric modeling communities, many of which disagree on basic output quantities such as mass of dust emitted and distribution of mass among size bins. In this work, we examined mineral dust emission from a leading model scheme, the Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport (GOCART), as utilized in the Modern‐Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA‐2) Reanalysis and compared it to dust emissions calculated using wind measurements from ground based weather stations located in the Arabian Peninsula that are included in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) integrated surface database (ISD). An intercomparison of 10‐m wind speed is shown for the Arabian Peninsula region, differences of the observed and modeled wind field are quantified, and impacts of differences on dust emissions are calculated. This analysis shows 10‐m winds in the ISD were generally lower than MERRA‐2 winds, which propagated to dust emissions errors. Our estimate of one of the most significant mass impacts in dust emission is 0.178 Tg/year/grid box with a percent change of over 200% to the recalculated dust emissions from MERRA‐2. These differences in wind speed propagated to a difference in dust mass emitted by the use of a static source function which aids in scaling the mass emitted by the availability of dust in each grid. Additionally, the magnitude of these differences varies seasonally. Plain Language Summary: Dust emissions are related to the cube of wind speed as taken at 10 m above the surface of the planet. There is disagreement in the 10‐m wind speed values between measurements and model calculations. This leads to disagreement in models and measurements and a lowered ability to predict dust events. Inaccurate dust mass estimates contribute to the error in the calculations of the radiative balance of the planet. This study quantifies the differences in the 10‐m wind speeds and the impacts of these disagreements by holding all else constant besides the 10‐m wind speed while looking at the amount of dust emitted as calculated by leading dust emission schemes using values from measurements and models for 10‐m wind speed. Key Points: Evaluated 20 years of 10‐m wind speed integrated surface database observations against the MERRA‐2 Reanalysis wind fieldsLocated sites of agreement, seasonal bias, flatness, and overestimation of windsQuantified the impact of wind speed differences on dust emission at stations in the Arabian Peninsula [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1029/2024JD040885
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 30
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Mineral dusts
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Wind speed
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Wind measurement
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Radiation chemistry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Meteorological stations
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Arabian Peninsula
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Evaluation of 10‐m Wind Speed From ISD Meteorological Stations and the MERRA‐2 Reanalysis: Impacts on Dust Emission in the Arabian Peninsula.
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            NameFull: Faber, E.
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            NameFull: Rocha‐Lima, A.
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            NameFull: Colarco, P.
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              Text: 11/16/2024
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              Y: 2024
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