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Association of Tailpipe-Related and Nontailpipe-Related Air Pollution Exposure with Cognitive Decline in the Chicago Health and Aging Project.

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Title: Association of Tailpipe-Related and Nontailpipe-Related Air Pollution Exposure with Cognitive Decline in the Chicago Health and Aging Project.
Authors: Andrews, Ryan M.1 ryana@bu.edu, Adar, Sara D.2, Szpiro, Adam A.3, Kaufman, Joel D.4,5,6, Christopher, Cami N.7, Beck, Todd L.8, Dhana, Klodian8, Wilson, Robert S.9, Rajan, Kumar B.8, Evans, Denis8, Weuve, Jennifer1
Source: Environmental Health Perspectives. Dec2024, Vol. 132 Issue 12, p127002-1-127002-13. 13p.
Subject Terms: *Air pollution, *Automobile emissions, *Environmental exposure, *Oxides, *Particulate matter, Zinc analysis, Copper analysis, Dementia risk factors, Cognition disorder risk factors, Statistical models, Cognitive testing, Prediction models, Data analysis, Research funding, Interviewing, Cognitive processing speed, Episodic memory, Residential patterns, Logistic regression analysis, Probability theory, Questionnaires, Multivariate analysis, Research bias, Statistics, Confidence intervals, Data analysis software, Psychological tests, Patient aftercare, Sensitivity & specificity (Statistics), Old age
Geographic Terms: Illinois
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that long-term exposure to air pollution may increase the risk of dementia and related cognitive outcomes. A major source of air pollution is automotive traffic, which is modifiable by technological and regulatory interventions. OBJECTIVES: We examined associations of four traffic-related air pollutants with rates of cognitive decline in a cohort of older adults. METHODS: We analyzed data from the Chicago Health and Aging Project (CHAP), a longitudinal (1993-2012) community-based cohort study of older adults that included repeated assessments of participants' cognitive performance. Leveraging previously developed air pollution models, we predicted participant-level exposures to the tailpipe pollutants oxides of nitrogen (NOX) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), plus the nontailpipe pollutants copper and zinc found in coarse particulate matter [PM with aerodynamic diameter 2.5μm to 10μm (PM2.5-10,Cu) and PM2.5-10,Zn, respectively], over the 3 y prior to each participant's baseline assessment. Using generalized estimating equations, we estimated covariate-adjusted associations of each pollutant with rates of cognitive decline. We probed the robustness of our results via several sensitivity analyses, including alterations to the length of the exposure assessment window and exploring the influence of pre- and post-baseline selection bias. RESULTS: Using data from 6,061 participants, estimated associations of these pollutant exposures with cognitive decline were largely inconsistent with large adverse effects. For example, a standard deviation (5.8 ppb) increment in NOX corresponded to a slightly slower rate of cognitive decline [e.g., mean difference in change in global score, 0.010 standard unit/5 y, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.016, 0.036]. The results of most of our sensitivity analyses were in generally similar to those of our main analyses, but our prebaseline selection bias results suggest that our analytic results may have been influenced by differential survivorship into our study sample. DISCUSSION: In this large prospective cohort study, we did not observe compelling evidence that long-term TRAP exposure is associated with cognitive decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Environmental Health Perspectives is the property of National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Association of Tailpipe-Related and Nontailpipe-Related Air Pollution Exposure with Cognitive Decline in the Chicago Health and Aging Project.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Andrews%2C+Ryan+M%2E%22">Andrews, Ryan M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> ryana@bu.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Adar%2C+Sara+D%2E%22">Adar, Sara D.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Szpiro%2C+Adam+A%2E%22">Szpiro, Adam A.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kaufman%2C+Joel+D%2E%22">Kaufman, Joel D.</searchLink><relatesTo>4,5,6</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Christopher%2C+Cami+N%2E%22">Christopher, Cami N.</searchLink><relatesTo>7</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Beck%2C+Todd+L%2E%22">Beck, Todd L.</searchLink><relatesTo>8</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dhana%2C+Klodian%22">Dhana, Klodian</searchLink><relatesTo>8</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wilson%2C+Robert+S%2E%22">Wilson, Robert S.</searchLink><relatesTo>9</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rajan%2C+Kumar+B%2E%22">Rajan, Kumar B.</searchLink><relatesTo>8</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Evans%2C+Denis%22">Evans, Denis</searchLink><relatesTo>8</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Weuve%2C+Jennifer%22">Weuve, Jennifer</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Environmental+Health+Perspectives%22">Environmental Health Perspectives</searchLink>. Dec2024, Vol. 132 Issue 12, p127002-1-127002-13. 13p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Air+pollution%22">Air pollution</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Automobile+emissions%22">Automobile emissions</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Environmental+exposure%22">Environmental exposure</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Oxides%22">Oxides</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Particulate+matter%22">Particulate matter</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Zinc+analysis%22">Zinc analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Copper+analysis%22">Copper analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dementia+risk+factors%22">Dementia risk factors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognition+disorder+risk+factors%22">Cognition disorder risk factors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistical+models%22">Statistical models</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognitive+testing%22">Cognitive testing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Prediction+models%22">Prediction models</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis%22">Data analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+funding%22">Research funding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interviewing%22">Interviewing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognitive+processing+speed%22">Cognitive processing speed</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Episodic+memory%22">Episodic memory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Residential+patterns%22">Residential patterns</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Logistic+regression+analysis%22">Logistic regression analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Probability+theory%22">Probability theory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Questionnaires%22">Questionnaires</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Multivariate+analysis%22">Multivariate analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+bias%22">Research bias</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistics%22">Statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Confidence+intervals%22">Confidence intervals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis+software%22">Data analysis software</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychological+tests%22">Psychological tests</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Patient+aftercare%22">Patient aftercare</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sensitivity+%26+specificity+%28Statistics%29%22">Sensitivity & specificity (Statistics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Old+age%22">Old age</searchLink>
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  Label: Geographic Terms
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Illinois%22">Illinois</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that long-term exposure to air pollution may increase the risk of dementia and related cognitive outcomes. A major source of air pollution is automotive traffic, which is modifiable by technological and regulatory interventions. OBJECTIVES: We examined associations of four traffic-related air pollutants with rates of cognitive decline in a cohort of older adults. METHODS: We analyzed data from the Chicago Health and Aging Project (CHAP), a longitudinal (1993-2012) community-based cohort study of older adults that included repeated assessments of participants' cognitive performance. Leveraging previously developed air pollution models, we predicted participant-level exposures to the tailpipe pollutants oxides of nitrogen (NOX) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), plus the nontailpipe pollutants copper and zinc found in coarse particulate matter [PM with aerodynamic diameter 2.5μm to 10μm (PM2.5-10,Cu) and PM2.5-10,Zn, respectively], over the 3 y prior to each participant's baseline assessment. Using generalized estimating equations, we estimated covariate-adjusted associations of each pollutant with rates of cognitive decline. We probed the robustness of our results via several sensitivity analyses, including alterations to the length of the exposure assessment window and exploring the influence of pre- and post-baseline selection bias. RESULTS: Using data from 6,061 participants, estimated associations of these pollutant exposures with cognitive decline were largely inconsistent with large adverse effects. For example, a standard deviation (5.8 ppb) increment in NOX corresponded to a slightly slower rate of cognitive decline [e.g., mean difference in change in global score, 0.010 standard unit/5 y, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.016, 0.036]. The results of most of our sensitivity analyses were in generally similar to those of our main analyses, but our prebaseline selection bias results suggest that our analytic results may have been influenced by differential survivorship into our study sample. DISCUSSION: In this large prospective cohort study, we did not observe compelling evidence that long-term TRAP exposure is associated with cognitive decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Environmental Health Perspectives is the property of National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1289/EHP14585
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 13
        StartPage: 127002-1
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      – SubjectFull: Air pollution
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Automobile emissions
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      – SubjectFull: Zinc analysis
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      – SubjectFull: Copper analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dementia risk factors
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      – SubjectFull: Cognition disorder risk factors
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      – SubjectFull: Statistical models
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      – SubjectFull: Cognitive testing
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      – SubjectFull: Old age
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Illinois
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Association of Tailpipe-Related and Nontailpipe-Related Air Pollution Exposure with Cognitive Decline in the Chicago Health and Aging Project.
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              Text: Dec2024
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