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Spatial patterns of sediment and phosphorus in a riparian buffer in western Iowa.

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Title: Spatial patterns of sediment and phosphorus in a riparian buffer in western Iowa.
Authors: Tomer, M. D.1, Moorman, T. B.2, Kovar, J. L.1, James, D. E.3, Burkart, M. R.4
Source: Journal of Soil & Water Conservation. Oct2007, Vol. 62 Issue 5, p329-338. 10p.
Subject Terms: *Phosphorus in water, *Agricultural conservation, *Agricultural pollution, *Phosphorus in soils, *Soil moisture, *Switchgrass
Abstract: Riparian buffers prevent sediment and phosphorus (P) from reaching streams but their accumulation in buffers is seldom measured. This study's objectives were to determine accumulations of sediment and phosphorus in a multi-species riparian buffer and characterize spatial-temporal patterns of phosphorus in soil water and groundwater. The buffer was planted in 2000, below a steep-sloping field in row-crop production under no-tillage management in Iowa's Loess Hills. Topographic surveys were conducted in 2002, after the buffer was fully established, and again in 2005. Mapped differences in elevation showed sediment accretion was associated with concentrated flow pathways and lateral flow along the buffer-crop margin. About 32% of the buffer's outer switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) zone had sediment accumulations exceeding 4 cm (1.6 in), which totaled 14.5 Mg ha-1 (over three years) contributing area, or 4.8 Mg ha-1 yr-1 (2.1 t ac-1 yr-1). Among five soil plots, total phosphorus in accreted sediment varied from 7 to 55 g m-2 (0.02 to 0.18 oz ft-2) totaling 9.6 kg P ha-1 (8.5 lb P ac-1) contributing area. Phosphorus concentrations in soil water were greatest beneath the switchgrass, compared to the crop and the buffer's inner vegetation zones (p < 0.05). Concentrations in soil water and groundwater were also greater where sediment accumulated, presumably due to increased infiltration of runoff. Sediment and phosphorus trapping occurred despite no-tillage management on the contributing hillslope and relatively dry conditions during the study. This emphasizes the importance of installing multiple, complementary conservation practices in sensitive environments. Considering seasonal risks of runoff when selecting buffer species and anticipated runoff patterns when designing buffer areas could reduce subsurface phosphorus losses through riparian areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Soil & Water Conservation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Spatial patterns of sediment and phosphorus in a riparian buffer in western Iowa.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Tomer%2C+M%2E+D%2E%22&quot;&gt;Tomer, M. D.&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Moorman%2C+T%2E+B%2E%22&quot;&gt;Moorman, T. B.&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;2&lt;/relatesTo&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Kovar%2C+J%2E+L%2E%22&quot;&gt;Kovar, J. L.&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22James%2C+D%2E+E%2E%22&quot;&gt;James, D. E.&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;3&lt;/relatesTo&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Burkart%2C+M%2E+R%2E%22&quot;&gt;Burkart, M. R.&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;4&lt;/relatesTo&gt;
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;JN&quot; term=&quot;%22Journal+of+Soil+%26+Water+Conservation%22&quot;&gt;Journal of Soil &amp; Water Conservation&lt;/searchLink&gt;. Oct2007, Vol. 62 Issue 5, p329-338. 10p.
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  Data: *&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Phosphorus+in+water%22&quot;&gt;Phosphorus in water&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;*&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Agricultural+conservation%22&quot;&gt;Agricultural conservation&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;*&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Agricultural+pollution%22&quot;&gt;Agricultural pollution&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;*&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Phosphorus+in+soils%22&quot;&gt;Phosphorus in soils&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;*&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Soil+moisture%22&quot;&gt;Soil moisture&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;*&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Switchgrass%22&quot;&gt;Switchgrass&lt;/searchLink&gt;
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Riparian buffers prevent sediment and phosphorus (P) from reaching streams but their accumulation in buffers is seldom measured. This study&#39;s objectives were to determine accumulations of sediment and phosphorus in a multi-species riparian buffer and characterize spatial-temporal patterns of phosphorus in soil water and groundwater. The buffer was planted in 2000, below a steep-sloping field in row-crop production under no-tillage management in Iowa&#39;s Loess Hills. Topographic surveys were conducted in 2002, after the buffer was fully established, and again in 2005. Mapped differences in elevation showed sediment accretion was associated with concentrated flow pathways and lateral flow along the buffer-crop margin. About 32% of the buffer&#39;s outer switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) zone had sediment accumulations exceeding 4 cm (1.6 in), which totaled 14.5 Mg ha-1 (over three years) contributing area, or 4.8 Mg ha-1 yr-1 (2.1 t ac-1 yr-1). Among five soil plots, total phosphorus in accreted sediment varied from 7 to 55 g m-2 (0.02 to 0.18 oz ft-2) totaling 9.6 kg P ha-1 (8.5 lb P ac-1) contributing area. Phosphorus concentrations in soil water were greatest beneath the switchgrass, compared to the crop and the buffer&#39;s inner vegetation zones (p &lt; 0.05). Concentrations in soil water and groundwater were also greater where sediment accumulated, presumably due to increased infiltration of runoff. Sediment and phosphorus trapping occurred despite no-tillage management on the contributing hillslope and relatively dry conditions during the study. This emphasizes the importance of installing multiple, complementary conservation practices in sensitive environments. Considering seasonal risks of runoff when selecting buffer species and anticipated runoff patterns when designing buffer areas could reduce subsurface phosphorus losses through riparian areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Journal of Soil &amp; Water Conservation is the property of Taylor &amp; Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 10
        StartPage: 329
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Phosphorus in water
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Agricultural conservation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Agricultural pollution
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Phosphorus in soils
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Soil moisture
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Switchgrass
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Spatial patterns of sediment and phosphorus in a riparian buffer in western Iowa.
        Type: main
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            NameFull: Tomer, M. D.
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            NameFull: Moorman, T. B.
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            NameFull: Kovar, J. L.
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            NameFull: James, D. E.
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            NameFull: Burkart, M. R.
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            – D: 01
              M: 10
              Text: Oct2007
              Type: published
              Y: 2007
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              Value: 62
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            – TitleFull: Journal of Soil & Water Conservation
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