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Long‐Term Demography of Spotted Hyena (Crocuta crocuta) in a Lion‐Depleted but Prey‐Rich Ecosystem.

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Title: Long‐Term Demography of Spotted Hyena (Crocuta crocuta) in a Lion‐Depleted but Prey‐Rich Ecosystem.
Authors: Martens, S.1,2 (AUTHOR) sdimartens@gmail.com, Creel, S.1,3 (AUTHOR), Becker, M. S.1,3 (AUTHOR), Spong, G.2,4 (AUTHOR), Smit, D.1,3 (AUTHOR), Dröge, E.1,5 (AUTHOR), M'soka, J.1,6 (AUTHOR), Mayani‐Nkhoma, B.1 (AUTHOR), Mukula, T.1,7,8 (AUTHOR), Mwaba, S.1,8 (AUTHOR), Ndakala, H.9 (AUTHOR)
Source: Ecology & Evolution (20457758). Apr2025, Vol. 15 Issue 4, p1-10. 10p.
Subject Terms: *Population density, *Population dynamics, Top predators, Lions, Survival rate
Abstract: Interspecific competition has strongly shaped the evolution of large carnivore guilds. In Africa, the lion (Panthera leo) and spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta, hereafter hyena) exert direct and indirect competitive impacts on each other and on subordinate guild members. The impacts of competition on demography are complex and not well understood. With carnivore guilds now ubiquitously impacted by humans, disentangling the effects of interspecific competition and other drivers of hyena demography is important. Western Zambia's Greater Liuwa Ecosystem (GLE) provides a unique natural experiment where lions were functionally eliminated from the system. Hyenas are the apex predator, with an abundant prey base and low levels of human–hyena conflict. We measured GLE hyena survival and density using mark–recapture models fit to 10 years of data from 663 known individuals in 11 clans. GLE hyena densities were high, though slightly lower than other wildebeest‐dominated systems, and stable over 10 years. Survival rates were high for all age‐sex classes, and higher than those of other systems with high lion density, suggesting the possibility of competitive release from lion competition. These findings provide insights into long‐term hyena demography in the absence of their top competitor but with an abundant prey base. As humans continue to alter ecosystems and fundamental ecological relationships such as interspecific competition, altered dynamics such as competitive release are likely to be widespread and should be a focus of future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Ecology & Evolution (20457758) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Long‐Term Demography of Spotted Hyena (Crocuta crocuta) in a Lion‐Depleted but Prey‐Rich Ecosystem.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Martens%2C+S%2E%22">Martens, S.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> sdimartens@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Creel%2C+S%2E%22">Creel, S.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Becker%2C+M%2E+S%2E%22">Becker, M. S.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Spong%2C+G%2E%22">Spong, G.</searchLink><relatesTo>2,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Smit%2C+D%2E%22">Smit, D.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dröge%2C+E%2E%22">Dröge, E.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22M'soka%2C+J%2E%22">M'soka, J.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mayani‐Nkhoma%2C+B%2E%22">Mayani‐Nkhoma, B.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mukula%2C+T%2E%22">Mukula, T.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,7,8</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mwaba%2C+S%2E%22">Mwaba, S.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,8</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ndakala%2C+H%2E%22">Ndakala, H.</searchLink><relatesTo>9</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Ecology+%26+Evolution+%2820457758%29%22">Ecology & Evolution (20457758)</searchLink>. Apr2025, Vol. 15 Issue 4, p1-10. 10p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Population+density%22">Population density</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Population+dynamics%22">Population dynamics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Top+predators%22">Top predators</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lions%22">Lions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Survival+rate%22">Survival rate</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Interspecific competition has strongly shaped the evolution of large carnivore guilds. In Africa, the lion (Panthera leo) and spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta, hereafter hyena) exert direct and indirect competitive impacts on each other and on subordinate guild members. The impacts of competition on demography are complex and not well understood. With carnivore guilds now ubiquitously impacted by humans, disentangling the effects of interspecific competition and other drivers of hyena demography is important. Western Zambia's Greater Liuwa Ecosystem (GLE) provides a unique natural experiment where lions were functionally eliminated from the system. Hyenas are the apex predator, with an abundant prey base and low levels of human–hyena conflict. We measured GLE hyena survival and density using mark–recapture models fit to 10 years of data from 663 known individuals in 11 clans. GLE hyena densities were high, though slightly lower than other wildebeest‐dominated systems, and stable over 10 years. Survival rates were high for all age‐sex classes, and higher than those of other systems with high lion density, suggesting the possibility of competitive release from lion competition. These findings provide insights into long‐term hyena demography in the absence of their top competitor but with an abundant prey base. As humans continue to alter ecosystems and fundamental ecological relationships such as interspecific competition, altered dynamics such as competitive release are likely to be widespread and should be a focus of future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Ecology & Evolution (20457758) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=8gh&AN=184830211
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        Value: 10.1002/ece3.71025
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Population density
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      – TitleFull: Long‐Term Demography of Spotted Hyena (Crocuta crocuta) in a Lion‐Depleted but Prey‐Rich Ecosystem.
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