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Spectral signatures discrimination of Norway spruce trees under experimentally induced drought and acute thermal stress using hyperspectral imaging.

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Title: Spectral signatures discrimination of Norway spruce trees under experimentally induced drought and acute thermal stress using hyperspectral imaging.
Authors: Pivovar, Matúš1,2 (AUTHOR) pivovar@ife.sk, Näsi, Roope3 (AUTHOR), Honkavaara, Eija3 (AUTHOR), Blaženec, Miroslav1 (AUTHOR), Škvarenina, Jaroslav4,5 (AUTHOR), Modlinger, Roman6 (AUTHOR), Rožnovský, Jaroslav7 (AUTHOR), Jakuš, Rastislav1,6 (AUTHOR)
Source: Forest Ecology & Management. Jun2025, Vol. 586, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subject Terms: Ips typographus, Thermal stresses, Mann Whitney U Test, Bark beetles, Autumn, Norway spruce
Abstract: Climate change intensifies drought and thermal stress in forests, weakening tree vitality and increasing susceptibility to Ips typographus (L.) infestations. This study evaluates the potential of hyperspectral remote sensing to detect physiological stress in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) induced by chronic drought and acute thermal stress. An in situ manipulation experiment was conducted within a mature spruce stand, establishing precipitation-exclusion roofs (chronic drought), stand edges (acute thermal stress), and control plots. High resolution hyperspectral imagery data was collected across visible, NIR, and SWIR wavelengths (380–2500 nm) during six flights (2022–2023) using CASI-1500 (0.5 m) and SASI-600 (1.25 m) hyperspectral cameras. Spectral discrimination revealed significant differences between stressed and control trees, particularly in the red (669.58 nm), NIR (854.96 nm), and SWIR (1557.5 nm, 2082.5 nm) wavebands, while the green region (498.56 nm) separated better in reflectance than in derivative analyses. These wavebands effectively identified physiological changes, including pigment depletion, reduced water content, and nitrogen fluctuations. Spectral separations were strongest in late summer and autumn, coinciding with intensified stress responses. Acute stress showed variable NIR reflectance trends, increasing in autumn but declining in August 2023. Chronic stress exhibited higher SWIR reflectance, indicating reduced needle water content. Statistical analyses, including the Kruskal-Wallis test and post hoc Dunn and Mann-Whitney U tests, confirmed significant spectral separability between stress types. These spectral markers provide a framework for monitoring tree stress under variable environmental conditions. By integrating remote sensing with climatic data, this study demonstrates how hyperspectral imaging enables early stress detection, supporting proactive forest management against climate-induced threats. • Spectral analysis distinguishes stress types and no-stress conditions in trees. • Hyperspectral bands detect drought and acute thermal stress on Norway spruce. • Seasonal stress responses are most distinct in late summer and autumn. • Certain spectral bands are crucial for detecting canopy stress. • Experimentally induced drought stress predisposes trees to bark beetle attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Forest Ecology & Management is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Spectral signatures discrimination of Norway spruce trees under experimentally induced drought and acute thermal stress using hyperspectral imaging.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pivovar%2C+Matúš%22">Pivovar, Matúš</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> pivovar@ife.sk</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Näsi%2C+Roope%22">Näsi, Roope</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Honkavaara%2C+Eija%22">Honkavaara, Eija</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Blaženec%2C+Miroslav%22">Blaženec, Miroslav</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Škvarenina%2C+Jaroslav%22">Škvarenina, Jaroslav</searchLink><relatesTo>4,5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Modlinger%2C+Roman%22">Modlinger, Roman</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rožnovský%2C+Jaroslav%22">Rožnovský, Jaroslav</searchLink><relatesTo>7</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jakuš%2C+Rastislav%22">Jakuš, Rastislav</searchLink><relatesTo>1,6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Forest+Ecology+%26+Management%22">Forest Ecology & Management</searchLink>. Jun2025, Vol. 586, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ips+typographus%22">Ips typographus</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermal+stresses%22">Thermal stresses</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mann+Whitney+U+Test%22">Mann Whitney U Test</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Bark+beetles%22">Bark beetles</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Autumn%22">Autumn</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Norway+spruce%22">Norway spruce</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Climate change intensifies drought and thermal stress in forests, weakening tree vitality and increasing susceptibility to Ips typographus (L.) infestations. This study evaluates the potential of hyperspectral remote sensing to detect physiological stress in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) induced by chronic drought and acute thermal stress. An in situ manipulation experiment was conducted within a mature spruce stand, establishing precipitation-exclusion roofs (chronic drought), stand edges (acute thermal stress), and control plots. High resolution hyperspectral imagery data was collected across visible, NIR, and SWIR wavelengths (380–2500 nm) during six flights (2022–2023) using CASI-1500 (0.5 m) and SASI-600 (1.25 m) hyperspectral cameras. Spectral discrimination revealed significant differences between stressed and control trees, particularly in the red (669.58 nm), NIR (854.96 nm), and SWIR (1557.5 nm, 2082.5 nm) wavebands, while the green region (498.56 nm) separated better in reflectance than in derivative analyses. These wavebands effectively identified physiological changes, including pigment depletion, reduced water content, and nitrogen fluctuations. Spectral separations were strongest in late summer and autumn, coinciding with intensified stress responses. Acute stress showed variable NIR reflectance trends, increasing in autumn but declining in August 2023. Chronic stress exhibited higher SWIR reflectance, indicating reduced needle water content. Statistical analyses, including the Kruskal-Wallis test and post hoc Dunn and Mann-Whitney U tests, confirmed significant spectral separability between stress types. These spectral markers provide a framework for monitoring tree stress under variable environmental conditions. By integrating remote sensing with climatic data, this study demonstrates how hyperspectral imaging enables early stress detection, supporting proactive forest management against climate-induced threats. • Spectral analysis distinguishes stress types and no-stress conditions in trees. • Hyperspectral bands detect drought and acute thermal stress on Norway spruce. • Seasonal stress responses are most distinct in late summer and autumn. • Certain spectral bands are crucial for detecting canopy stress. • Experimentally induced drought stress predisposes trees to bark beetle attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Forest Ecology & Management is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122692
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 1
        StartPage: N.PAG
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Ips typographus
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Thermal stresses
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mann Whitney U Test
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Bark beetles
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Autumn
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Norway spruce
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Spectral signatures discrimination of Norway spruce trees under experimentally induced drought and acute thermal stress using hyperspectral imaging.
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            NameFull: Pivovar, Matúš
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            – D: 15
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 586
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