Autonomous Year‐Round Measurements of O3, CO, CH4, and N2O in the High Arctic With the Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer.
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| Title: | Autonomous Year‐Round Measurements of O3, CO, CH4, and N2O in the High Arctic With the Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer. |
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| Authors: | Hung, Joseph1 (AUTHOR) joseph.hung@mail.utoronto.ca, Liu, Lei2 (AUTHOR), Palm, Mathias3 (AUTHOR), Mariani, Zen2 (AUTHOR), Manney, Gloria L.4,5 (AUTHOR), Millán, Luis F.6 (AUTHOR), Strong, Kimberly1 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres. 6/16/2025, Vol. 130 Issue 11, p1-27. 27p. |
| Subject Terms: | *Carbon monoxide, *Climate change, *Trace gases, Polar vortex, Emission spectroscopy, Water vapor |
| Abstract: | Despite its status as a proverbial canary in the coal mine for global climate change, the Arctic has limited observational data, particularly during polar night. Longwave atmospheric emission has been recorded since 2006 at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory, located at Eureka, Nunavut, Canada (80° ${}^{\circ}$N). Profiles and total columns of ozone (O3 ${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4 ${\text{CH}}_{4}$), and nitrous oxide (N2O ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$) were retrieved from these measurements from 2008 to 2022, and the contribution of the water vapour continuum to the radiative transfer improved the spectral fitting. The mean relative difference between the Extended‐range Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (E‐AERI) and those from co‐located instruments (Bruker 125HR, Triax‐180 UV‐VIS spectrometers, and ozonesondes) were reasonable: after smoothing with the E‐AERI averaging kernel, these differences are +15.8% for O3 ${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, −0.1% for CO $\text{CO}$, +7.1% for CH4 ${\text{CH}}_{4}$, and +0.8% for N2O ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$ compared to the 125HR, and are +17.8% and +24.2% for O3 ${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ compared to the GBSs and ozonesondes, respectively. Significant O3 ${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ depletion and CO $\text{CO}$ enhancement events as a result of polar vortex dynamics/chemistry and wildfires respectively were also observed in the E‐AERI time series, along with the CO $\text{CO}$ diurnal cycle. Finally, trends of +0.31 ± $\pm $ 0.17% ⋅ $\cdot $yr−1 ${\text{yr}}^{-1}$, −0.75 ± $\pm $ 0.14% ⋅ $\cdot $yr−1 ${\text{yr}}^{-1}$, +0.94 ± $\pm $ 0.09% ⋅ $\cdot $yr−1 ${\text{yr}}^{-1}$, and +0.38 ± $\pm $ 0.05% ⋅ $\cdot $yr−1 ${\text{yr}}^{-1}$ from 2011 to 2022 were found for O3 ${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, CO $\text{CO}$, CH4 ${\text{CH}}_{4}$, and N2O ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$ total columns, respectively, generally consistent with previously reported global and regional trends. Plain Language Summary: Atmosphere composition measurements typically depend on evaluating the quantity of sunlight absorbed by a species of interest. However, the polar regions lack the direct sunlight required to perform measurements during the annual polar night, leading to a significant data gap. We have retrieved concentrations of important trace gases, ozone, carbon monoxide, methane, and nitrous oxide in the Canadian High Arctic, at Eureka, Nunavut, between 2008 and 2022, using measurements of thermal emission from the atmosphere. These measurements typically have lower signal than those dependent on sunlight, but have the advantage of being recorded year‐round. We provide the first decadal time series of these trace gases retrieved from such spectra at Eureka, which were validated against co‐located instruments at Eureka, with agreement generally within the respective errors. We find our measurements are consistent with more sensitive instruments during large variations in ozone and carbon monoxide. Our relatively high frequency measurements also mean we can capture transient and rapid fluctuations in trace gas concentrations, such as diurnal cycles in carbon monoxide, which can provide insight into atmosphere chemistry and dynamics. Finally, we found that carbon monoxide has been steadily decreasing over the study period, while ozone, methane, and nitrous oxide have been increasing. Key Points: O3 ${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, CO $\text{CO}$, CH4 ${\text{CH}}_{4}$, and N2O ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$ have been retrieved from moderate resolution IR‐emission spectra in the High Arctic from 2008 to 2022Broad agreement is established between retrieved total columns and co‐located spectrometers and sonde measurementsO3 ${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, CH4 ${\text{CH}}_{4}$, and N2O ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$ total columns showed positive trends in the Arctic, while CO $\text{CO}$ displayed a negative trend [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Autonomous Year‐Round Measurements of O3, CO, CH4, and N2O in the High Arctic With the Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hung%2C+Joseph%22">Hung, Joseph</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> joseph.hung@mail.utoronto.ca</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Lei%22">Liu, Lei</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Palm%2C+Mathias%22">Palm, Mathias</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mariani%2C+Zen%22">Mariani, Zen</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Manney%2C+Gloria+L%2E%22">Manney, Gloria L.</searchLink><relatesTo>4,5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Millán%2C+Luis+F%2E%22">Millán, Luis F.</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Strong%2C+Kimberly%22">Strong, Kimberly</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Geophysical+Research%2E+Atmospheres%22">Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres</searchLink>. 6/16/2025, Vol. 130 Issue 11, p1-27. 27p. – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Carbon+monoxide%22">Carbon monoxide</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Climate+change%22">Climate change</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Trace+gases%22">Trace gases</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polar+vortex%22">Polar vortex</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Emission+spectroscopy%22">Emission spectroscopy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Water+vapor%22">Water vapor</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Despite its status as a proverbial canary in the coal mine for global climate change, the Arctic has limited observational data, particularly during polar night. Longwave atmospheric emission has been recorded since 2006 at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory, located at Eureka, Nunavut, Canada (80° ${}^{\circ}$N). Profiles and total columns of ozone (O3 ${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4 ${\text{CH}}_{4}$), and nitrous oxide (N2O ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$) were retrieved from these measurements from 2008 to 2022, and the contribution of the water vapour continuum to the radiative transfer improved the spectral fitting. The mean relative difference between the Extended‐range Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (E‐AERI) and those from co‐located instruments (Bruker 125HR, Triax‐180 UV‐VIS spectrometers, and ozonesondes) were reasonable: after smoothing with the E‐AERI averaging kernel, these differences are +15.8% for O3 ${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, −0.1% for CO $\text{CO}$, +7.1% for CH4 ${\text{CH}}_{4}$, and +0.8% for N2O ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$ compared to the 125HR, and are +17.8% and +24.2% for O3 ${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ compared to the GBSs and ozonesondes, respectively. Significant O3 ${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ depletion and CO $\text{CO}$ enhancement events as a result of polar vortex dynamics/chemistry and wildfires respectively were also observed in the E‐AERI time series, along with the CO $\text{CO}$ diurnal cycle. Finally, trends of +0.31 ± $\pm $ 0.17% ⋅ $\cdot $yr−1 ${\text{yr}}^{-1}$, −0.75 ± $\pm $ 0.14% ⋅ $\cdot $yr−1 ${\text{yr}}^{-1}$, +0.94 ± $\pm $ 0.09% ⋅ $\cdot $yr−1 ${\text{yr}}^{-1}$, and +0.38 ± $\pm $ 0.05% ⋅ $\cdot $yr−1 ${\text{yr}}^{-1}$ from 2011 to 2022 were found for O3 ${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, CO $\text{CO}$, CH4 ${\text{CH}}_{4}$, and N2O ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$ total columns, respectively, generally consistent with previously reported global and regional trends. Plain Language Summary: Atmosphere composition measurements typically depend on evaluating the quantity of sunlight absorbed by a species of interest. However, the polar regions lack the direct sunlight required to perform measurements during the annual polar night, leading to a significant data gap. We have retrieved concentrations of important trace gases, ozone, carbon monoxide, methane, and nitrous oxide in the Canadian High Arctic, at Eureka, Nunavut, between 2008 and 2022, using measurements of thermal emission from the atmosphere. These measurements typically have lower signal than those dependent on sunlight, but have the advantage of being recorded year‐round. We provide the first decadal time series of these trace gases retrieved from such spectra at Eureka, which were validated against co‐located instruments at Eureka, with agreement generally within the respective errors. We find our measurements are consistent with more sensitive instruments during large variations in ozone and carbon monoxide. Our relatively high frequency measurements also mean we can capture transient and rapid fluctuations in trace gas concentrations, such as diurnal cycles in carbon monoxide, which can provide insight into atmosphere chemistry and dynamics. Finally, we found that carbon monoxide has been steadily decreasing over the study period, while ozone, methane, and nitrous oxide have been increasing. Key Points: O3 ${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, CO $\text{CO}$, CH4 ${\text{CH}}_{4}$, and N2O ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$ have been retrieved from moderate resolution IR‐emission spectra in the High Arctic from 2008 to 2022Broad agreement is established between retrieved total columns and co‐located spectrometers and sonde measurementsO3 ${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, CH4 ${\text{CH}}_{4}$, and N2O ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$ total columns showed positive trends in the Arctic, while CO $\text{CO}$ displayed a negative trend [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1029/2024JD042847 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 27 StartPage: 1 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Carbon monoxide Type: general – SubjectFull: Climate change Type: general – SubjectFull: Trace gases Type: general – SubjectFull: Polar vortex Type: general – SubjectFull: Emission spectroscopy Type: general – SubjectFull: Water vapor Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Autonomous Year‐Round Measurements of O3, CO, CH4, and N2O in the High Arctic With the Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Hung, Joseph – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Liu, Lei – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Palm, Mathias – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Mariani, Zen – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Manney, Gloria L. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Millán, Luis F. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Strong, Kimberly IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 16 M: 06 Text: 6/16/2025 Type: published Y: 2025 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 2169897X Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 130 – Type: issue Value: 11 Titles: – TitleFull: Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
