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Preconditioning of the Interplanetary Medium Due To Isolated ICMEs.

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Title: Preconditioning of the Interplanetary Medium Due To Isolated ICMEs.
Authors: Kajdič, Primož1 (AUTHOR) primoz@igeofisica.unam.mx, Temmer, Manuela2 (AUTHOR), Blanco‐Cano, Xochitl1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics. Jun2025, Vol. 130 Issue 6, p1-15. 15p.
Subject Terms: Interplanetary magnetic fields, Solar magnetic fields, Space environment, Coronal mass ejections, Interplanetary medium, Solar wind
Abstract: We perform a systematic study of the preconditioning of the interplanetary (IP) medium due to isolated IP coronal mass ejections (ICMEs). Preconditioning is highly relevant when ICMEs, ejected in close succession and direction, modify the IP medium to allow subsequent ICMEs to propagate more freely, decelerate less, and retain higher kinetic energy at larger distances. We base our study on a sample of carefully selected events. The IP medium is analyzed during time intervals of 48 hr before and after the ICMEs in order to statistically quantify their impact on the properties of the solar wind (SW) and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). We find that the SW behind ICMEs on average exhibits reduced density (− ${-}$41%) and dynamic pressure (− ${-}$29%), and increased total velocity (+15%), while the trailing IMF is more intense (+14%) and more radially aligned (13° ${}^{\circ}$). The results suggest that even relatively low speed ICMEs can significantly precondition the IP medium. The results are relevant for better understanding of CME propagation and SW interaction, and hold implications for heliospheric models and applied research of space weather. Plain Language Summary: Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICME) have been recognized as the drivers of the most intense geomagnetic storms. This study looks at how isolated ICMEs change the space environment around them, making it easier for later ICMEs to travel. When ICMEs are ejected close together and in the same direction, they can reduce resistance in the solar wind (SW), allowing the following ICMEs to move faster and retain more energy. By analyzing selected events and studying the SW and magnetic field 48 hr before and after each ICME, we found that the plasma behind an ICME tends to have lower density and pressure but higher speed and magnetic field strength. This means that even smaller ICMEs can significantly alter their surroundings. These findings help improve our understanding of SW behavior and space weather predictions. Key Points: Statistical study quantifying the potential preconditioning of the interplanetary medium by isolated interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs)Behind ICMEs, on average the solar wind is less dense, faster, and the magnetic field is stronger and more radial than upstreamOur results suggest that slow ICMEs precondition the interplanetary magnetic field more than fast ones [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Preconditioning of the Interplanetary Medium Due To Isolated ICMEs.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kajdič%2C+Primož%22">Kajdič, Primož</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> primoz@igeofisica.unam.mx</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Temmer%2C+Manuela%22">Temmer, Manuela</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Blanco‐Cano%2C+Xochitl%22">Blanco‐Cano, Xochitl</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Geophysical+Research%2E+Space+Physics%22">Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics</searchLink>. Jun2025, Vol. 130 Issue 6, p1-15. 15p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interplanetary+magnetic+fields%22">Interplanetary magnetic fields</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solar+magnetic+fields%22">Solar magnetic fields</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Space+environment%22">Space environment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Coronal+mass+ejections%22">Coronal mass ejections</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interplanetary+medium%22">Interplanetary medium</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solar+wind%22">Solar wind</searchLink>
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  Data: We perform a systematic study of the preconditioning of the interplanetary (IP) medium due to isolated IP coronal mass ejections (ICMEs). Preconditioning is highly relevant when ICMEs, ejected in close succession and direction, modify the IP medium to allow subsequent ICMEs to propagate more freely, decelerate less, and retain higher kinetic energy at larger distances. We base our study on a sample of carefully selected events. The IP medium is analyzed during time intervals of 48 hr before and after the ICMEs in order to statistically quantify their impact on the properties of the solar wind (SW) and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). We find that the SW behind ICMEs on average exhibits reduced density (− ${-}$41%) and dynamic pressure (− ${-}$29%), and increased total velocity (+15%), while the trailing IMF is more intense (+14%) and more radially aligned (13° ${}^{\circ}$). The results suggest that even relatively low speed ICMEs can significantly precondition the IP medium. The results are relevant for better understanding of CME propagation and SW interaction, and hold implications for heliospheric models and applied research of space weather. Plain Language Summary: Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICME) have been recognized as the drivers of the most intense geomagnetic storms. This study looks at how isolated ICMEs change the space environment around them, making it easier for later ICMEs to travel. When ICMEs are ejected close together and in the same direction, they can reduce resistance in the solar wind (SW), allowing the following ICMEs to move faster and retain more energy. By analyzing selected events and studying the SW and magnetic field 48 hr before and after each ICME, we found that the plasma behind an ICME tends to have lower density and pressure but higher speed and magnetic field strength. This means that even smaller ICMEs can significantly alter their surroundings. These findings help improve our understanding of SW behavior and space weather predictions. Key Points: Statistical study quantifying the potential preconditioning of the interplanetary medium by isolated interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs)Behind ICMEs, on average the solar wind is less dense, faster, and the magnetic field is stronger and more radial than upstreamOur results suggest that slow ICMEs precondition the interplanetary magnetic field more than fast ones [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1029/2025JA033887
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 15
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    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Interplanetary magnetic fields
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Solar magnetic fields
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Space environment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Coronal mass ejections
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Interplanetary medium
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Solar wind
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Preconditioning of the Interplanetary Medium Due To Isolated ICMEs.
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            NameFull: Kajdič, Primož
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            NameFull: Temmer, Manuela
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            NameFull: Blanco‐Cano, Xochitl
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            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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