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Distribution and potential ecological risks of heavy metals in water, sediments, and fish in the main rivers and reservoirs in Rizhao, China.

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Title: Distribution and potential ecological risks of heavy metals in water, sediments, and fish in the main rivers and reservoirs in Rizhao, China.
Authors: Xie, Guoao1,2 (AUTHOR), Wang, Wenxia2,3 (AUTHOR), Sun, Yekai2 (AUTHOR), Chen, Chen2 (AUTHOR), Cai, Lijuan1,2 (AUTHOR), Guo, Yanqing2 (AUTHOR), Saud, Shah2 (AUTHOR), Chen, Haitao4 (AUTHOR), Li, Xiuling1,2 (AUTHOR) lixiuling@lyu.edu.cn, Hu, Changwei4,5 (AUTHOR)
Source: Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts. Jul2025, Vol. 27 Issue 7, p2128-2146. 19p.
Subject Terms: *Heavy metals, *Water pollution, *Sediments, *Environmental risk, *Aquatic ecology, *Health risk assessment, *Seafood poisoning
Geographic Terms: China
Abstract: Aquatic environments have long been threatened by heavy metal pollution, which poses potential risks to human health. Rizhao City, in a typical coastal area, has witnessed increasingly severe heavy metal contamination in its aquatic systems. To comprehensively assess the status of heavy metal pollution in the aquatic environment and formulate effective mitigation strategies, this study focused on the water, sediments and Pseudorasbora parva from the major rivers and reservoirs in Rizhao City. The distribution characteristics and potential sources of Cr, Ni, Cu, As and Pb were systematically analysed. Ecological risks were evaluated using indices such as the water quality index (WQI), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), bioconcentration factor (BCF), estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ) and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR). The results revealed that the average concentrations of heavy metals in water followed the order Cr > Ni > Cu > As > Pb, with variations across different rivers and reservoirs. In sediments, Cr and Ni exhibited higher concentrations in the Chaobai River (CR), reaching 45.21 and 34.87 mg kg−1, respectively. Cr and Ni showed higher enrichment in the gills and viscera of P. parva compared to muscle tissues, while the distribution patterns of Cu, As and Pb were more complex. WQI assessments indicated that all sampling sites had WQI values <0, suggesting negligible heavy metal pollution levels in water. However, the Igeo values for Ni and Cu in CR sediments were −0.52 and −0.21, respectively, approaching the threshold and warranting attention to potential contamination risks. BCF results demonstrated stronger enrichment capabilities in gills and viscera. Health risk assessments revealed that EDI was correlated with heavy metal concentrations in fish tissues, with THQ > 1 and ILCR > 1.0 × 10−4 for gills, indicating potential health threats to frequent consumers from long-term ingestion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts is the property of Royal Society of Chemistry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Distribution and potential ecological risks of heavy metals in water, sediments, and fish in the main rivers and reservoirs in Rizhao, China.
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  Data: Aquatic environments have long been threatened by heavy metal pollution, which poses potential risks to human health. Rizhao City, in a typical coastal area, has witnessed increasingly severe heavy metal contamination in its aquatic systems. To comprehensively assess the status of heavy metal pollution in the aquatic environment and formulate effective mitigation strategies, this study focused on the water, sediments and Pseudorasbora parva from the major rivers and reservoirs in Rizhao City. The distribution characteristics and potential sources of Cr, Ni, Cu, As and Pb were systematically analysed. Ecological risks were evaluated using indices such as the water quality index (WQI), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), bioconcentration factor (BCF), estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ) and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR). The results revealed that the average concentrations of heavy metals in water followed the order Cr &gt; Ni &gt; Cu &gt; As &gt; Pb, with variations across different rivers and reservoirs. In sediments, Cr and Ni exhibited higher concentrations in the Chaobai River (CR), reaching 45.21 and 34.87 mg kg−1, respectively. Cr and Ni showed higher enrichment in the gills and viscera of P. parva compared to muscle tissues, while the distribution patterns of Cu, As and Pb were more complex. WQI assessments indicated that all sampling sites had WQI values &lt;0, suggesting negligible heavy metal pollution levels in water. However, the Igeo values for Ni and Cu in CR sediments were −0.52 and −0.21, respectively, approaching the threshold and warranting attention to potential contamination risks. BCF results demonstrated stronger enrichment capabilities in gills and viscera. Health risk assessments revealed that EDI was correlated with heavy metal concentrations in fish tissues, with THQ &gt; 1 and ILCR &gt; 1.0 &#215; 10−4 for gills, indicating potential health threats to frequent consumers from long-term ingestion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Environmental Science: Processes &amp; Impacts is the property of Royal Society of Chemistry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1039/d4em00818a
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 19
        StartPage: 2128
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Heavy metals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Water pollution
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sediments
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Environmental risk
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Aquatic ecology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Health risk assessment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Seafood poisoning
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: China
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Distribution and potential ecological risks of heavy metals in water, sediments, and fish in the main rivers and reservoirs in Rizhao, China.
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            – D: 01
              M: 07
              Text: Jul2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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