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Synergic valorization of nickel-chrome plating sludge via alkali activation of steel slag and fly ash: performance analysis.

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Title: Synergic valorization of nickel-chrome plating sludge via alkali activation of steel slag and fly ash: performance analysis.
Authors: Mishra, Anant1 (AUTHOR) p20190420@pilani.bits-pilani.ac.in, Tyagi, Gaurav2 (AUTHOR) GAT101@pitt.edu, Khare, Srishti1 (AUTHOR) p20190019@pilani.bits-pilani.ac.in, Lahoti, Mukund1 (AUTHOR) Mukund.lahoti@pilani.bits-pilani.ac.in, Singhal, Anupam1 (AUTHOR) anupam_singhal@pilani.bits-pilani.ac.in, Routroy, Srikanta3 (AUTHOR) srikanta@pilani.bits-pilani.ac.in, Bhunia, Dipendu1 (AUTHOR) dbhunia@pilani.bits-pilani.ac.in, Sachs, Steven G.2 (AUTHOR) sgs15@pitt.edu, Rotta Loria, Alessandro F.4 (AUTHOR) af-rottaloria@northwestern.edu
Source: Clean Technologies & Environmental Policy. Jul2025, Vol. 27 Issue 7, p2759-2777. 19p.
Subject Terms: *Fly ash, *Metal wastes, *Hazardous wastes, *Hazardous waste site leaching, Construction slabs, Alkalinization, Mechanical behavior of materials, Activation (Chemistry)
Abstract: Nickel–chromium plating sludge (NCPS) is a hazardous waste due to high concentration (~ 25%–30%) of chromium and nickel. Electric arc furnace slag (EAFS) is a by-product of secondary steel manufacturing through the electric arc furnace route. In this work, we valorized NCPS in an innovative ambiently cured alkali-activated NCPS-Fly ash-EAFS mortar (ANFEM). NCPS substituted the binder from 0 to 25% (by weight) in the step size of 5%. The binder composition had EAFS/fly-ash = 1.0, activator/binder = 0.45, silicate/hydroxide = 2.5. Incorporation of NCPS in ANFEM resulted in several benefits such as successful NCPS immobilization, improving the flash setting and flowability issues of alkali-activated EAFS and minimal degradation in mechanical properties. Microstructural investigation by XRD, FTIR, SEM offered insights on the underlying mechanisms of NCPS valorization and corroborated the observed results of compressive strength, water absorption, bulk density, acid resistance, and surface porosity test. At 10 wt% substitution of NCPS, ANFEM produced optimum results, such as compressive strength of 40 MPa; Wabs enhancement by 4.2%; bulk density reduction by 1.1%; and the least acid-induced deterioration. Extensive leaching tests determined leachate's heavy metals concentration to be well-within the permissible limits. Factory scale deployment of developed methodology produced paver blocks well-satisfying Indian Standard Code 15,658: 2006. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Clean Technologies & Environmental Policy is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Synergic valorization of nickel-chrome plating sludge via alkali activation of steel slag and fly ash: performance analysis.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mishra%2C+Anant%22">Mishra, Anant</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> p20190420@pilani.bits-pilani.ac.in</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tyagi%2C+Gaurav%22">Tyagi, Gaurav</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> GAT101@pitt.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Khare%2C+Srishti%22">Khare, Srishti</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> p20190019@pilani.bits-pilani.ac.in</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lahoti%2C+Mukund%22">Lahoti, Mukund</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> Mukund.lahoti@pilani.bits-pilani.ac.in</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Singhal%2C+Anupam%22">Singhal, Anupam</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> anupam_singhal@pilani.bits-pilani.ac.in</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Routroy%2C+Srikanta%22">Routroy, Srikanta</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> srikanta@pilani.bits-pilani.ac.in</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bhunia%2C+Dipendu%22">Bhunia, Dipendu</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> dbhunia@pilani.bits-pilani.ac.in</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sachs%2C+Steven+G%2E%22">Sachs, Steven G.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> sgs15@pitt.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rotta+Loria%2C+Alessandro+F%2E%22">Rotta Loria, Alessandro F.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> af-rottaloria@northwestern.edu</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Clean+Technologies+%26+Environmental+Policy%22">Clean Technologies & Environmental Policy</searchLink>. Jul2025, Vol. 27 Issue 7, p2759-2777. 19p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fly+ash%22">Fly ash</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Metal+wastes%22">Metal wastes</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hazardous+wastes%22">Hazardous wastes</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hazardous+waste+site+leaching%22">Hazardous waste site leaching</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Construction+slabs%22">Construction slabs</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Alkalinization%22">Alkalinization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mechanical+behavior+of+materials%22">Mechanical behavior of materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Activation+%28Chemistry%29%22">Activation (Chemistry)</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Nickel–chromium plating sludge (NCPS) is a hazardous waste due to high concentration (~ 25%–30%) of chromium and nickel. Electric arc furnace slag (EAFS) is a by-product of secondary steel manufacturing through the electric arc furnace route. In this work, we valorized NCPS in an innovative ambiently cured alkali-activated NCPS-Fly ash-EAFS mortar (ANFEM). NCPS substituted the binder from 0 to 25% (by weight) in the step size of 5%. The binder composition had EAFS/fly-ash = 1.0, activator/binder = 0.45, silicate/hydroxide = 2.5. Incorporation of NCPS in ANFEM resulted in several benefits such as successful NCPS immobilization, improving the flash setting and flowability issues of alkali-activated EAFS and minimal degradation in mechanical properties. Microstructural investigation by XRD, FTIR, SEM offered insights on the underlying mechanisms of NCPS valorization and corroborated the observed results of compressive strength, water absorption, bulk density, acid resistance, and surface porosity test. At 10 wt% substitution of NCPS, ANFEM produced optimum results, such as compressive strength of 40 MPa; Wabs enhancement by 4.2%; bulk density reduction by 1.1%; and the least acid-induced deterioration. Extensive leaching tests determined leachate's heavy metals concentration to be well-within the permissible limits. Factory scale deployment of developed methodology produced paver blocks well-satisfying Indian Standard Code 15,658: 2006. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Clean Technologies & Environmental Policy is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s10098-024-03006-7
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 19
        StartPage: 2759
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Fly ash
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Metal wastes
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      – SubjectFull: Hazardous wastes
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      – SubjectFull: Hazardous waste site leaching
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      – SubjectFull: Construction slabs
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      – SubjectFull: Alkalinization
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      – SubjectFull: Mechanical behavior of materials
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      – SubjectFull: Activation (Chemistry)
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              Text: Jul2025
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