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Evidence of Genetic Isolation and Differentiation Among Historically Fragmented British Populations of Common Juniper, Juniperus communis L.

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Title: Evidence of Genetic Isolation and Differentiation Among Historically Fragmented British Populations of Common Juniper, Juniperus communis L.
Authors: Baker, J.1,2 (AUTHOR) jbaker@ceh.ac.uk, Cottrell, J.3 (AUTHOR), Ennos, R.2 (AUTHOR), Perry, A.1 (AUTHOR), A'Hara, S.3 (AUTHOR), Green, S.3 (AUTHOR), Cavers, S.1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Ecology & Evolution (20457758). Jul2025, Vol. 15 Issue 7, p1-25. 25p.
Subject Terms: *Fragmented landscapes, *Climate change, Population differentiation, Conservation genetics, Genetic variation, Reproductive isolation, Junipers
Geographic Terms: Lake District (England), Highland (Scotland), United Kingdom
Abstract: Habitat fragmentation and population isolation pose a threat to the genetic diversity and adaptability of many species. The common juniper, Juniperus communis L., a keystone species for juniper scrub habitat and one of only three conifers that are native to the United Kingdom, has been in decline for more than a century in the United Kingdom and across its European range. Remnant UK juniper stands are now often small and highly fragmented, which has raised concerns for their resilience, especially in the face of climate change and the introduction of novel pathogens, such as Phytophthora austrocedri. This work presents a baseline genetic survey of native UK juniper populations and compares patterns of diversity between remnant stands and among three main population centres, or regions, in southern England, the Lake District, and Scotland, using both single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) genetic markers. The aim was to evaluate the standing genetic diversity of native juniper stands, the impacts of habitat fragmentation, and to determine whether juniper populations are genetically isolated from one another. We found that juniper stands, while not completely isolated from one another, face substantial barriers to gene flow, especially between the three population centres. These centres also show different patterns of genetic diversity and population structure, indicating varying levels of internal gene flow. Our findings can provide a baseline from which to monitor the effectiveness of conservation activities, prioritize populations of concern, and guide genetic rescue efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Ecology & Evolution (20457758) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Evidence of Genetic Isolation and Differentiation Among Historically Fragmented British Populations of Common Juniper, Juniperus communis L.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Baker%2C+J%2E%22">Baker, J.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> jbaker@ceh.ac.uk</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cottrell%2C+J%2E%22">Cottrell, J.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ennos%2C+R%2E%22">Ennos, R.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Perry%2C+A%2E%22">Perry, A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22A'Hara%2C+S%2E%22">A'Hara, S.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Green%2C+S%2E%22">Green, S.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cavers%2C+S%2E%22">Cavers, S.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Ecology+%26+Evolution+%2820457758%29%22">Ecology & Evolution (20457758)</searchLink>. Jul2025, Vol. 15 Issue 7, p1-25. 25p.
– Name: Subject
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fragmented+landscapes%22">Fragmented landscapes</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Climate+change%22">Climate change</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Population+differentiation%22">Population differentiation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Conservation+genetics%22">Conservation genetics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Genetic+variation%22">Genetic variation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reproductive+isolation%22">Reproductive isolation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Junipers%22">Junipers</searchLink>
– Name: SubjectGeographic
  Label: Geographic Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lake+District+%28England%29%22">Lake District (England)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Highland+%28Scotland%29%22">Highland (Scotland)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22United+Kingdom%22">United Kingdom</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Habitat fragmentation and population isolation pose a threat to the genetic diversity and adaptability of many species. The common juniper, Juniperus communis L., a keystone species for juniper scrub habitat and one of only three conifers that are native to the United Kingdom, has been in decline for more than a century in the United Kingdom and across its European range. Remnant UK juniper stands are now often small and highly fragmented, which has raised concerns for their resilience, especially in the face of climate change and the introduction of novel pathogens, such as Phytophthora austrocedri. This work presents a baseline genetic survey of native UK juniper populations and compares patterns of diversity between remnant stands and among three main population centres, or regions, in southern England, the Lake District, and Scotland, using both single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) genetic markers. The aim was to evaluate the standing genetic diversity of native juniper stands, the impacts of habitat fragmentation, and to determine whether juniper populations are genetically isolated from one another. We found that juniper stands, while not completely isolated from one another, face substantial barriers to gene flow, especially between the three population centres. These centres also show different patterns of genetic diversity and population structure, indicating varying levels of internal gene flow. Our findings can provide a baseline from which to monitor the effectiveness of conservation activities, prioritize populations of concern, and guide genetic rescue efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Ecology & Evolution (20457758) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1002/ece3.71818
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 25
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Fragmented landscapes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Climate change
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Population differentiation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Conservation genetics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Genetic variation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Reproductive isolation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Junipers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Lake District (England)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Highland (Scotland)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: United Kingdom
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      – TitleFull: Evidence of Genetic Isolation and Differentiation Among Historically Fragmented British Populations of Common Juniper, Juniperus communis L.
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              M: 07
              Text: Jul2025
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              Y: 2025
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