View in EDS

Conceptual Links Between the Ewald‐Oseen Extinction Theorem and Return Stroke Modeling.

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Title: Conceptual Links Between the Ewald‐Oseen Extinction Theorem and Return Stroke Modeling.
Authors: Cooray, Vernon1 (AUTHOR), Cooray, Gerald2 (AUTHOR), Rachidi, Farhad3 (AUTHOR) farhad.rachidi@epfl.ch, Rubinstein, Marcos4 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres. 10/28/2025, Vol. 130 Issue 20, p1-12. 12p.
Subject Terms: Electromagnetic waves, Dielectrics, Light propagation, Strip transmission lines, Maxwell equations, Superposition principle (Physics), Electromagnetism
People: Maxwell, James Clerk, 1831-1879
Abstract: Observations and theoretical principles indicate that electromagnetic waves, including light, propagate more slowly in dielectric media than in a vacuum. This behavior is elegantly described by Maxwell's equations, which account for material‐specific permittivity and permeability. According to the principle of superposition, the net electromagnetic wave within a dielectric medium results from the combination of the incident wave and secondary waves generated by the medium's interaction with the incident wave. Notably, both the incident wave and the secondary waves propagate at the speed of light in a vacuum. The Ewald‐Oseen extinction theorem explains that secondary waves, emitted by atoms in the dielectric medium, interfere with the incident wave in such a way that they cancel the original wave and produce a resultant wave propagating at a reduced speed determined by the dielectric constant of the medium. In this paper, we extend the application of the Ewald‐Oseen theorem to electromagnetic wave propagation in transmission lines and demonstrate that the principles used to model lightning return strokes align closely with those predicted by the theorem. Plain Language Summary: When electromagnetic waves, such as light travel through materials (dielectrics), they propagate more slowly than in a vacuum. According to Maxwell's equations, this reduced speed is determined by the material's electromagnetic properties. The Ewald‐Oseen extinction theorem offers a complementary perspective, attributing the slower propagation to the superposition of three waves each traveling at the speed of light in a vacuum. These include the incident wave and two secondary waves generated by the wave's interaction with the material. In this paper, we demonstrate that similar principles apply to electromagnetic wave behavior in transmission lines and lightning return stroke models. Key Points: Electromagnetic waves slow down in dielectrics due to interference explained by the Ewald‐Oseen extinction theoremThe Ewald‐Oseen theorem is applied to electromagnetic wave propagation in transmission linesPrinciples used to model lightning return strokes align closely with the Ewald‐Oseen theorem [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: GreenFILE
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
Header DbId: 8gh
DbLabel: GreenFILE
An: 188926093
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
IllustrationInfo
Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Conceptual Links Between the Ewald‐Oseen Extinction Theorem and Return Stroke Modeling.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cooray%2C+Vernon%22">Cooray, Vernon</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cooray%2C+Gerald%22">Cooray, Gerald</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rachidi%2C+Farhad%22">Rachidi, Farhad</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> farhad.rachidi@epfl.ch</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rubinstein%2C+Marcos%22">Rubinstein, Marcos</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Geophysical+Research%2E+Atmospheres%22">Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres</searchLink>. 10/28/2025, Vol. 130 Issue 20, p1-12. 12p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electromagnetic+waves%22">Electromagnetic waves</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dielectrics%22">Dielectrics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Light+propagation%22">Light propagation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Strip+transmission+lines%22">Strip transmission lines</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Maxwell+equations%22">Maxwell equations</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Superposition+principle+%28Physics%29%22">Superposition principle (Physics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electromagnetism%22">Electromagnetism</searchLink>
– Name: SubjectPerson
  Label: People
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="PE" term="%22Maxwell%2C+James+Clerk%2C+1831-1879%22">Maxwell, James Clerk, 1831-1879</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Observations and theoretical principles indicate that electromagnetic waves, including light, propagate more slowly in dielectric media than in a vacuum. This behavior is elegantly described by Maxwell's equations, which account for material‐specific permittivity and permeability. According to the principle of superposition, the net electromagnetic wave within a dielectric medium results from the combination of the incident wave and secondary waves generated by the medium's interaction with the incident wave. Notably, both the incident wave and the secondary waves propagate at the speed of light in a vacuum. The Ewald‐Oseen extinction theorem explains that secondary waves, emitted by atoms in the dielectric medium, interfere with the incident wave in such a way that they cancel the original wave and produce a resultant wave propagating at a reduced speed determined by the dielectric constant of the medium. In this paper, we extend the application of the Ewald‐Oseen theorem to electromagnetic wave propagation in transmission lines and demonstrate that the principles used to model lightning return strokes align closely with those predicted by the theorem. Plain Language Summary: When electromagnetic waves, such as light travel through materials (dielectrics), they propagate more slowly than in a vacuum. According to Maxwell's equations, this reduced speed is determined by the material's electromagnetic properties. The Ewald‐Oseen extinction theorem offers a complementary perspective, attributing the slower propagation to the superposition of three waves each traveling at the speed of light in a vacuum. These include the incident wave and two secondary waves generated by the wave's interaction with the material. In this paper, we demonstrate that similar principles apply to electromagnetic wave behavior in transmission lines and lightning return stroke models. Key Points: Electromagnetic waves slow down in dielectrics due to interference explained by the Ewald‐Oseen extinction theoremThe Ewald‐Oseen theorem is applied to electromagnetic wave propagation in transmission linesPrinciples used to model lightning return strokes align closely with the Ewald‐Oseen theorem [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=8gh&AN=188926093
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1029/2025JD044665
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 12
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Electromagnetic waves
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dielectrics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Light propagation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Strip transmission lines
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Maxwell equations
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Superposition principle (Physics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electromagnetism
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Maxwell, James Clerk, 1831-1879
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Conceptual Links Between the Ewald‐Oseen Extinction Theorem and Return Stroke Modeling.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Cooray, Vernon
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Cooray, Gerald
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Rachidi, Farhad
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Rubinstein, Marcos
    IsPartOfRelationships:
      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 28
              M: 10
              Text: 10/28/2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 2169897X
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 130
            – Type: issue
              Value: 20
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres
              Type: main
ResultId 1