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Modeling Regional Electric Field Using EISCAT3D Observations.

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Title: Modeling Regional Electric Field Using EISCAT3D Observations.
Authors: Tesfaw, Habtamu W.1 (AUTHOR) habtamu.tesfaw@oulu.fi, Vanhamäki, Heikki1 (AUTHOR), Virtanen, Ilkka1 (AUTHOR), Hatch, Spencer2 (AUTHOR), Zettergren, Matt3 (AUTHOR), Laundal, Karl2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics. Oct2025, Vol. 130 Issue 10, p1-16. 16p.
Subject Terms: Ion migration & velocity, Incoherent scattering, Computational electromagnetics, Plasma diagnostics, Statistical models, Radar
Abstract: EISCAT3D, which is in its final stage of construction, will be the next generation incoherent scatter radar (ISR) system to provide the full ion velocity vector across hundreds of kms in vertical and horizontal directions. This presents a tremendous opportunity to study the three‐dimensional nature of ionospheric electrodynamics. Here we present a data‐driven regional model of the electric field based on the EISCAT3D plasma velocity measurements. The measured F‐region ion velocity data are fitted to a regional electric potential produced by a grid of spherical elementary systems. The performance of the model is demonstrated using simulated ionospheric parameters obtained from the GEMINI model. To simulate realistic radar measurement of the ion velocity, error estimates obtained from the e3doubt package are added to the ground‐truth GEMINI data. Our model can be used with either multistatic or monostatic measurements of the ion velocity, and it can also integrate ion velocity data from other platforms, such as satellite sensors, into existing ISR measurements. The model captures the ground truth electric field including its complex spatial structure with average percentile differences of about 7%. Most accurate results are achieved with the multistatic data, but the general spatial structure of the electric field can be captured also with monostatic data, if optimal beam patterns and regularization are used. The modeling method is also applied using real monostatic line‐of‐sight ion velocity data measured by the Poker Flat ISR. The modeled electric field shows reasonably well‐behaved variations in latitude and longitude within the radar's field of view. Key Points: Regional model of electric field is developed based on plasma velocity observations by tristatic and monostatic incoherent scatter radar systemsThe model can estimate the electric field with an average percentile difference of about 7%The modeling method is applied to real line‐of‐sight ion velocity data measured by Poker Flat incoherent scatter radar [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Modeling Regional Electric Field Using EISCAT3D Observations.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tesfaw%2C+Habtamu+W%2E%22">Tesfaw, Habtamu W.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> habtamu.tesfaw@oulu.fi</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Vanhamäki%2C+Heikki%22">Vanhamäki, Heikki</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Virtanen%2C+Ilkka%22">Virtanen, Ilkka</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hatch%2C+Spencer%22">Hatch, Spencer</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zettergren%2C+Matt%22">Zettergren, Matt</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Laundal%2C+Karl%22">Laundal, Karl</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Geophysical+Research%2E+Space+Physics%22">Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics</searchLink>. Oct2025, Vol. 130 Issue 10, p1-16. 16p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ion+migration+%26+velocity%22">Ion migration & velocity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Incoherent+scattering%22">Incoherent scattering</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computational+electromagnetics%22">Computational electromagnetics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Plasma+diagnostics%22">Plasma diagnostics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistical+models%22">Statistical models</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Radar%22">Radar</searchLink>
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  Data: EISCAT3D, which is in its final stage of construction, will be the next generation incoherent scatter radar (ISR) system to provide the full ion velocity vector across hundreds of kms in vertical and horizontal directions. This presents a tremendous opportunity to study the three‐dimensional nature of ionospheric electrodynamics. Here we present a data‐driven regional model of the electric field based on the EISCAT3D plasma velocity measurements. The measured F‐region ion velocity data are fitted to a regional electric potential produced by a grid of spherical elementary systems. The performance of the model is demonstrated using simulated ionospheric parameters obtained from the GEMINI model. To simulate realistic radar measurement of the ion velocity, error estimates obtained from the e3doubt package are added to the ground‐truth GEMINI data. Our model can be used with either multistatic or monostatic measurements of the ion velocity, and it can also integrate ion velocity data from other platforms, such as satellite sensors, into existing ISR measurements. The model captures the ground truth electric field including its complex spatial structure with average percentile differences of about 7%. Most accurate results are achieved with the multistatic data, but the general spatial structure of the electric field can be captured also with monostatic data, if optimal beam patterns and regularization are used. The modeling method is also applied using real monostatic line‐of‐sight ion velocity data measured by the Poker Flat ISR. The modeled electric field shows reasonably well‐behaved variations in latitude and longitude within the radar's field of view. Key Points: Regional model of electric field is developed based on plasma velocity observations by tristatic and monostatic incoherent scatter radar systemsThe model can estimate the electric field with an average percentile difference of about 7%The modeling method is applied to real line‐of‐sight ion velocity data measured by Poker Flat incoherent scatter radar [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1029/2024JA033625
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 16
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Ion migration & velocity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Incoherent scattering
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Computational electromagnetics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Plasma diagnostics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Statistical models
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Radar
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Modeling Regional Electric Field Using EISCAT3D Observations.
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            NameFull: Tesfaw, Habtamu W.
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            NameFull: Vanhamäki, Heikki
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            NameFull: Virtanen, Ilkka
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            NameFull: Hatch, Spencer
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            NameFull: Zettergren, Matt
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            – D: 01
              M: 10
              Text: Oct2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 130
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