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Investigation of Thermospheric Horizontal and Vertical Neutral Winds via Tristatic Observations Over Alaska.

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Title: Investigation of Thermospheric Horizontal and Vertical Neutral Winds via Tristatic Observations Over Alaska.
Authors: Kim, M. J.1 (AUTHOR) mjkim210@bu.edu, Nishimura, Y.2 (AUTHOR), Deng, Y.3 (AUTHOR), Sheng, C.3 (AUTHOR), Lyons, L. R.4 (AUTHOR), Conde, M. G.5 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics. Oct2025, Vol. 130 Issue 10, p1-28. 28p.
Subject Terms: Auroras, Vertical wind shear, Scientific observation, Aerodynamics, Plasma interactions
Geographic Terms: Alaska
Abstract: Thermospheric‐neutral winds in the F‐region play a key role in the magnetosphere‐ionosphere‐thermosphere coupling system of the Earth. In this study, we reconstruct the full components of the thermospheric neutral winds, horizontal and vertical winds, using tristatic observations of line‐of‐sight (LOS) winds obtained from three Scanning Doppler Imager (SDI) instruments over Alaska. With the reconstructed neutral winds, we examine the meso‐scale structures of 3D neutral winds inside the common volume of tristatic observations during the auroral activities observed by Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) All Sky Imagers (ASI). Compared to the horizontal wind derived by the monostatic fitting, our reconstruction method provides better agreements of neutral wind features shown in LOS winds, including spatial maps of vertical winds. Our results also show the nonuniform wind flows in both horizontal and vertical directions during the auroral activities with fluctuations in both components within a few tens of minutes. The results indicate that the vertical and horizontal winds have more meso‐scale features and rapid variations within the smaller horizontal domain (100 s of km) than those seen in earlier studies. The results also imply that the ion‐neutral coupling plays an important role in generating the meso‐scale structures of neutral winds. Key Points: Horizontal and vertical components of F‐region neutral wind vectors are reconstructed by tristatic observation over AlaskaObservations from multi‐instruments indicate that neutral winds in horizontal and vertical directions can vary rapidlyIon‐drag forcing plays a major role in mesoscale small‐scale (100 s of km) neutral wind variations during active auroral periods [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Investigation of Thermospheric Horizontal and Vertical Neutral Winds via Tristatic Observations Over Alaska.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kim%2C+M%2E+J%2E%22">Kim, M. J.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> mjkim210@bu.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nishimura%2C+Y%2E%22">Nishimura, Y.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Deng%2C+Y%2E%22">Deng, Y.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sheng%2C+C%2E%22">Sheng, C.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lyons%2C+L%2E+R%2E%22">Lyons, L. R.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Conde%2C+M%2E+G%2E%22">Conde, M. G.</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Geophysical+Research%2E+Space+Physics%22">Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics</searchLink>. Oct2025, Vol. 130 Issue 10, p1-28. 28p.
– Name: Subject
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Auroras%22">Auroras</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Vertical+wind+shear%22">Vertical wind shear</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Scientific+observation%22">Scientific observation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Aerodynamics%22">Aerodynamics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Plasma+interactions%22">Plasma interactions</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Alaska%22">Alaska</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Thermospheric‐neutral winds in the F‐region play a key role in the magnetosphere‐ionosphere‐thermosphere coupling system of the Earth. In this study, we reconstruct the full components of the thermospheric neutral winds, horizontal and vertical winds, using tristatic observations of line‐of‐sight (LOS) winds obtained from three Scanning Doppler Imager (SDI) instruments over Alaska. With the reconstructed neutral winds, we examine the meso‐scale structures of 3D neutral winds inside the common volume of tristatic observations during the auroral activities observed by Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) All Sky Imagers (ASI). Compared to the horizontal wind derived by the monostatic fitting, our reconstruction method provides better agreements of neutral wind features shown in LOS winds, including spatial maps of vertical winds. Our results also show the nonuniform wind flows in both horizontal and vertical directions during the auroral activities with fluctuations in both components within a few tens of minutes. The results indicate that the vertical and horizontal winds have more meso‐scale features and rapid variations within the smaller horizontal domain (100 s of km) than those seen in earlier studies. The results also imply that the ion‐neutral coupling plays an important role in generating the meso‐scale structures of neutral winds. Key Points: Horizontal and vertical components of F‐region neutral wind vectors are reconstructed by tristatic observation over AlaskaObservations from multi‐instruments indicate that neutral winds in horizontal and vertical directions can vary rapidlyIon‐drag forcing plays a major role in mesoscale small‐scale (100 s of km) neutral wind variations during active auroral periods [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=8gh&AN=188926190
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        Value: 10.1029/2024JA033631
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 28
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      – SubjectFull: Auroras
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      – SubjectFull: Vertical wind shear
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      – SubjectFull: Scientific observation
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      – SubjectFull: Plasma interactions
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      – SubjectFull: Alaska
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Investigation of Thermospheric Horizontal and Vertical Neutral Winds via Tristatic Observations Over Alaska.
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              Text: Oct2025
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