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Thermal Plasticity of Multiple Traits Varies More Within Than Between Populations of Plantago lanceolata at Its Northern Range Edge.

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Title: Thermal Plasticity of Multiple Traits Varies More Within Than Between Populations of Plantago lanceolata at Its Northern Range Edge.
Authors: Hällfors, M. H.1,2 (AUTHOR) maria.hallfors@syke.fi, Robson, T. M.1,3 (AUTHOR), Burg, S.1,4 (AUTHOR), Pentikäinen, S.1 (AUTHOR), Koivusaari, S. H. M.2,5,6 (AUTHOR), Luoto, M.5 (AUTHOR), Nezval, J.7 (AUTHOR), Pech, R.7 (AUTHOR), Saastamoinen, M.1 (AUTHOR), Schulman, L. E.2 (AUTHOR), Sirén, J.8 (AUTHOR), Susi, H.1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Ecology & Evolution (20457758). Oct2025, Vol. 15 Issue 10, p1-14. 14p.
Subject Terms: *Climate change, *Conservation projects (Natural resources), *Ecological heterogeneity, Phenotypic plasticity, Genetic variation, Outliers (Statistics), Plantago
Abstract: Temperature plays a pivotal role in defining the distribution of species and the fitness of individuals within species' ranges. Phenotypic plasticity can allow individuals to cope with varying environmental conditions, including rapid climate change. Populations at range edges experience more variable conditions than core populations and thus are hypothesized to exhibit higher thermal plasticity. However, as the strength of plasticity often varies between individuals, it can also differ among local populations at range edges. We studied the extent of and variation in thermal plasticity for several traits within and between populations of the perennial herb Plantago lanceolata L. (Plantaginaceae) at its northern range edge. We sampled seeds from nine sites within a 50 × 50 km region and grew them under three temperature regimes in a greenhouse. We measured traits related to size, flowering, pathogen responses, and inflorescence pigmentation. We expected to find higher plasticity in traits less strongly connected to fitness and that differences between individuals would outweigh differences between populations in underpinning this variation in plasticity. Our results show thermal plasticity in leaf size and abundance, flowering probability and abundance, and pigmentation. Notably, we also found increased pathogen symptoms and higher infection rates of one of two viruses screened, highlighting the potential for changes in pathogen sensitivity and exposure under climate change. Importantly, in all traits but flower abundance, more variation in plasticity was attributable to differences within populations than between populations. Although this contribution was small in magnitude compared to thermal effects on traits, the higher intra‐ versus interpopulation variation in plasticity suggests that differences between individuals provide most of the variation in thermal plasticity, which may be driven by small‐scale variations in habitat conditions, highlighting the need for conservation strategies that consider microhabitat variation to support short‐term adaptive responses to thermal variability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Ecology & Evolution (20457758) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Thermal Plasticity of Multiple Traits Varies More Within Than Between Populations of Plantago lanceolata at Its Northern Range Edge.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hällfors%2C+M%2E+H%2E%22">Hällfors, M. H.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> maria.hallfors@syke.fi</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Robson%2C+T%2E+M%2E%22">Robson, T. M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Burg%2C+S%2E%22">Burg, S.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pentikäinen%2C+S%2E%22">Pentikäinen, S.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Koivusaari%2C+S%2E+H%2E+M%2E%22">Koivusaari, S. H. M.</searchLink><relatesTo>2,5,6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Luoto%2C+M%2E%22">Luoto, M.</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nezval%2C+J%2E%22">Nezval, J.</searchLink><relatesTo>7</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pech%2C+R%2E%22">Pech, R.</searchLink><relatesTo>7</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Saastamoinen%2C+M%2E%22">Saastamoinen, M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Schulman%2C+L%2E+E%2E%22">Schulman, L. E.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sirén%2C+J%2E%22">Sirén, J.</searchLink><relatesTo>8</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Susi%2C+H%2E%22">Susi, H.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Ecology+%26+Evolution+%2820457758%29%22">Ecology & Evolution (20457758)</searchLink>. Oct2025, Vol. 15 Issue 10, p1-14. 14p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Climate+change%22">Climate change</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Conservation+projects+%28Natural+resources%29%22">Conservation projects (Natural resources)</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ecological+heterogeneity%22">Ecological heterogeneity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phenotypic+plasticity%22">Phenotypic plasticity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Genetic+variation%22">Genetic variation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Outliers+%28Statistics%29%22">Outliers (Statistics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Plantago%22">Plantago</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Temperature plays a pivotal role in defining the distribution of species and the fitness of individuals within species' ranges. Phenotypic plasticity can allow individuals to cope with varying environmental conditions, including rapid climate change. Populations at range edges experience more variable conditions than core populations and thus are hypothesized to exhibit higher thermal plasticity. However, as the strength of plasticity often varies between individuals, it can also differ among local populations at range edges. We studied the extent of and variation in thermal plasticity for several traits within and between populations of the perennial herb Plantago lanceolata L. (Plantaginaceae) at its northern range edge. We sampled seeds from nine sites within a 50 × 50 km region and grew them under three temperature regimes in a greenhouse. We measured traits related to size, flowering, pathogen responses, and inflorescence pigmentation. We expected to find higher plasticity in traits less strongly connected to fitness and that differences between individuals would outweigh differences between populations in underpinning this variation in plasticity. Our results show thermal plasticity in leaf size and abundance, flowering probability and abundance, and pigmentation. Notably, we also found increased pathogen symptoms and higher infection rates of one of two viruses screened, highlighting the potential for changes in pathogen sensitivity and exposure under climate change. Importantly, in all traits but flower abundance, more variation in plasticity was attributable to differences within populations than between populations. Although this contribution was small in magnitude compared to thermal effects on traits, the higher intra‐ versus interpopulation variation in plasticity suggests that differences between individuals provide most of the variation in thermal plasticity, which may be driven by small‐scale variations in habitat conditions, highlighting the need for conservation strategies that consider microhabitat variation to support short‐term adaptive responses to thermal variability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Ecology & Evolution (20457758) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1002/ece3.72201
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 14
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      – SubjectFull: Climate change
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Conservation projects (Natural resources)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ecological heterogeneity
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      – SubjectFull: Phenotypic plasticity
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      – SubjectFull: Outliers (Statistics)
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      – SubjectFull: Plantago
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              Text: Oct2025
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