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Fractures in sub-Saharan Africa: epidemiology, economic impact and ethnography (Fractures-E3): study protocol.

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Title: Fractures in sub-Saharan Africa: epidemiology, economic impact and ethnography (Fractures-E3): study protocol.
Authors: Burton, Anya1 anya.burton@bristol.ac.uk, Drew, Sarah1, Cassim, Bilkish2, Jarjou, Landing M.3, Gooberman-Hill, Rachael4, Noble, Sian5, Mafirakureva, Nyashadzaishe1,6, Graham, Simon Matthew7, Grundy, Christopher8, Hawley, Samuel1, Wilson, Hannah1 hannah.wilson@bristol.ac.uk, Manyanga, Tadios9, Marenah, Kebba10, Trawally, Bintou10, Masters, James7, Mushayavanhu, Prudance11,12, Ndekwere, Munyardardzi11, Paruk, Farhanah13, Lukhele, Mkhululi14, Costa, Matthew7
Source: Wellcome Open Research. 2023, p1-27. 27p.
Subject Terms: *Epidemiology, Fracture mechanics, Medical care, Medical economics
Geographic Terms: Sub-Saharan Africa
Abstract: Background: The population of older adults is growing in subSaharan Africa. Ageing exponentially increases fragility fracture risk. Of all global regions, Africa is projected to observe the greatest increase in fragility fractures. Fractures cause pain, disability and sometimes death, and management is expensive, often requiring complex healthcare delivery. For countries to plan future healthcare services, understanding is needed of fracture epidemiology, associated health service costs and the currently available healthcare resources. Methods: The Fractures-E³ 5-year mixed-methods research programme will investigate the epidemiology, economic impact, and treatment provision for fracture and wider musculoskeletal health in The Gambia, South Africa and Zimbabwe. These three countries are diverse in their geography, degree of urbanisation, maturity of health service infrastructure, and health profiles. The programme comprises five study types: (i) population-based cross-sectional studies to determine vertebral fracture prevalence. Secondary outcomes will include osteoarthritis and sarcopenia. Age- and sex-stratified household sampling will recruit 5030 adults aged 40 years and older; (ii) prospective cohort studies in adults aged 40 years and older will determine hip fracture incidence, associated risk factors, and outcomes over one year (e.g. mortality, disability, health-related quality of life); (iii) economic studies of direct health costs of hip fracture with projection modelling of future national health costs and cost-effectiveness analyses of different hip fracture care pathways; (iv) national surveys of hip fracture services (including traditional bonesetters in The Gambia); and (v) ethnographic studies of hip fracture care provision and experiences will understand fracture service pathways. Conclusions: Greater understanding of current and expected fracture burdens, fracture risk factors, and existing fracture care provision, is intended to inform national clinical guidelines, health service policy and planning and future health service development in sub-Saharan Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Wellcome Open Research is the property of Wellcome Trust and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Fractures in sub-Saharan Africa: epidemiology, economic impact and ethnography (Fractures-E3): study protocol.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Burton%2C+Anya%22">Burton, Anya</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> anya.burton@bristol.ac.uk</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Drew%2C+Sarah%22">Drew, Sarah</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cassim%2C+Bilkish%22">Cassim, Bilkish</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jarjou%2C+Landing+M%2E%22">Jarjou, Landing M.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gooberman-Hill%2C+Rachael%22">Gooberman-Hill, Rachael</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Noble%2C+Sian%22">Noble, Sian</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mafirakureva%2C+Nyashadzaishe%22">Mafirakureva, Nyashadzaishe</searchLink><relatesTo>1,6</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Graham%2C+Simon+Matthew%22">Graham, Simon Matthew</searchLink><relatesTo>7</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Grundy%2C+Christopher%22">Grundy, Christopher</searchLink><relatesTo>8</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hawley%2C+Samuel%22">Hawley, Samuel</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wilson%2C+Hannah%22">Wilson, Hannah</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> hannah.wilson@bristol.ac.uk</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Manyanga%2C+Tadios%22">Manyanga, Tadios</searchLink><relatesTo>9</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Marenah%2C+Kebba%22">Marenah, Kebba</searchLink><relatesTo>10</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Trawally%2C+Bintou%22">Trawally, Bintou</searchLink><relatesTo>10</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Masters%2C+James%22">Masters, James</searchLink><relatesTo>7</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mushayavanhu%2C+Prudance%22">Mushayavanhu, Prudance</searchLink><relatesTo>11,12</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ndekwere%2C+Munyardardzi%22">Ndekwere, Munyardardzi</searchLink><relatesTo>11</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Paruk%2C+Farhanah%22">Paruk, Farhanah</searchLink><relatesTo>13</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lukhele%2C+Mkhululi%22">Lukhele, Mkhululi</searchLink><relatesTo>14</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Costa%2C+Matthew%22">Costa, Matthew</searchLink><relatesTo>7</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Wellcome+Open+Research%22">Wellcome Open Research</searchLink>. 2023, p1-27. 27p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Epidemiology%22">Epidemiology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fracture+mechanics%22">Fracture mechanics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Medical+care%22">Medical care</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Medical+economics%22">Medical economics</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sub-Saharan+Africa%22">Sub-Saharan Africa</searchLink>
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  Data: Background: The population of older adults is growing in subSaharan Africa. Ageing exponentially increases fragility fracture risk. Of all global regions, Africa is projected to observe the greatest increase in fragility fractures. Fractures cause pain, disability and sometimes death, and management is expensive, often requiring complex healthcare delivery. For countries to plan future healthcare services, understanding is needed of fracture epidemiology, associated health service costs and the currently available healthcare resources. Methods: The Fractures-E³ 5-year mixed-methods research programme will investigate the epidemiology, economic impact, and treatment provision for fracture and wider musculoskeletal health in The Gambia, South Africa and Zimbabwe. These three countries are diverse in their geography, degree of urbanisation, maturity of health service infrastructure, and health profiles. The programme comprises five study types: (i) population-based cross-sectional studies to determine vertebral fracture prevalence. Secondary outcomes will include osteoarthritis and sarcopenia. Age- and sex-stratified household sampling will recruit 5030 adults aged 40 years and older; (ii) prospective cohort studies in adults aged 40 years and older will determine hip fracture incidence, associated risk factors, and outcomes over one year (e.g. mortality, disability, health-related quality of life); (iii) economic studies of direct health costs of hip fracture with projection modelling of future national health costs and cost-effectiveness analyses of different hip fracture care pathways; (iv) national surveys of hip fracture services (including traditional bonesetters in The Gambia); and (v) ethnographic studies of hip fracture care provision and experiences will understand fracture service pathways. Conclusions: Greater understanding of current and expected fracture burdens, fracture risk factors, and existing fracture care provision, is intended to inform national clinical guidelines, health service policy and planning and future health service development in sub-Saharan Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Wellcome Open Research is the property of Wellcome Trust and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.19391.1
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Epidemiology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fracture mechanics
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      – SubjectFull: Medical care
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      – SubjectFull: Medical economics
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      – SubjectFull: Sub-Saharan Africa
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