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A critical review of biofuel cell cathodes.

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Title: A critical review of biofuel cell cathodes.
Authors: Khalil, Muhammad1 (AUTHOR), Ahmad, Fawad1 (AUTHOR), Khan, Muhammad Imran2 (AUTHOR), Shanableh, Abdallah2,3 (AUTHOR), Taj, Muhammad Babar4 (AUTHOR), Rao, Komal Ali5 (AUTHOR), Voskressensky, Leonid G.6 (AUTHOR), Luque, Rafael6,7 (AUTHOR) rluque@ecotec.edu.ec
Source: Biofuels, Bioproducts & Biorefining. Nov2025, Vol. 19 Issue 6, p2418-2432. 15p.
Subject Terms: *Wastewater treatment, *Biomass energy, Cathodes, Electrocatalysts, Nanostructured materials, Power density, Biosensors
Abstract: Biofuel cell cathodes (BFCs) employing enzymatic or microorganism‐based electrocatalysts have attracted significant attention for their ability to oxidize fuel and reduce an oxidizing agent at the electrodes. They have a variety of applications, including wastewater treatment, as biosensors, and in portable devices. However, their limited lifespan and low power density present challenges for their future potential and developments. Most BFCs that have been developed are capable of supplying energy only to transiently implanted biomedical devices. Materials with nanoscale dimensions have the potential to enhance the efficiency of BFCs. This contribution critically examines the functionality of fuel cell cathodes and explores a wide range of potential applications. It presents a comprehensive analysis of the current trajectory of biofuel cell development, highlighting limitations of BFCs and providing recommendations for future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Biofuels, Bioproducts & Biorefining is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: A critical review of biofuel cell cathodes.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Khalil%2C+Muhammad%22">Khalil, Muhammad</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ahmad%2C+Fawad%22">Ahmad, Fawad</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Khan%2C+Muhammad+Imran%22">Khan, Muhammad Imran</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shanableh%2C+Abdallah%22">Shanableh, Abdallah</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Taj%2C+Muhammad+Babar%22">Taj, Muhammad Babar</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rao%2C+Komal+Ali%22">Rao, Komal Ali</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Voskressensky%2C+Leonid+G%2E%22">Voskressensky, Leonid G.</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Luque%2C+Rafael%22">Luque, Rafael</searchLink><relatesTo>6,7</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> rluque@ecotec.edu.ec</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+%26+Biorefining%22">Biofuels, Bioproducts & Biorefining</searchLink>. Nov2025, Vol. 19 Issue 6, p2418-2432. 15p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wastewater+treatment%22">Wastewater treatment</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biomass+energy%22">Biomass energy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cathodes%22">Cathodes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electrocatalysts%22">Electrocatalysts</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nanostructured+materials%22">Nanostructured materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Power+density%22">Power density</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biosensors%22">Biosensors</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Biofuel cell cathodes (BFCs) employing enzymatic or microorganism‐based electrocatalysts have attracted significant attention for their ability to oxidize fuel and reduce an oxidizing agent at the electrodes. They have a variety of applications, including wastewater treatment, as biosensors, and in portable devices. However, their limited lifespan and low power density present challenges for their future potential and developments. Most BFCs that have been developed are capable of supplying energy only to transiently implanted biomedical devices. Materials with nanoscale dimensions have the potential to enhance the efficiency of BFCs. This contribution critically examines the functionality of fuel cell cathodes and explores a wide range of potential applications. It presents a comprehensive analysis of the current trajectory of biofuel cell development, highlighting limitations of BFCs and providing recommendations for future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Biofuels, Bioproducts & Biorefining is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1002/bbb.2754
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 15
        StartPage: 2418
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      – SubjectFull: Wastewater treatment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Biomass energy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cathodes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electrocatalysts
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nanostructured materials
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Power density
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Biosensors
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: A critical review of biofuel cell cathodes.
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            NameFull: Khalil, Muhammad
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            NameFull: Shanableh, Abdallah
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            NameFull: Taj, Muhammad Babar
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            – D: 01
              M: 11
              Text: Nov2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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          Titles:
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