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Phylogenetic structure and β‐diversity reveal assembly mechanisms of subalpine Abies forests in South Korea.

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Title: Phylogenetic structure and β‐diversity reveal assembly mechanisms of subalpine Abies forests in South Korea.
Authors: Lee, Seung‐Jae1 (AUTHOR), Shin, Dong‐Bin1 (AUTHOR), Lee, Ah‐Rim1 (AUTHOR), Byeon, Jun‐Gi2 (AUTHOR), Lee, Dong‐Hyoung2 (AUTHOR), Oh, Seung‐Hwan3 (AUTHOR) oshwan@knu.ac.kr
Source: Ecosphere. Nov2025, Vol. 16 Issue 11, p1-20. 20p.
Subject Terms: *Biodiversity, *Mountain forests, *Climate change, *Species diversity, *Biotic communities, Coniferous forests, Phylogeny, Fir
Geographic Terms: South Korea
Abstract: Subalpine coniferous forest ecosystems are sensitive to climate change. However, the community formation mechanisms of subalpine coniferous forests in northeastern Asia remain poorly understood. In this study, we assessed the factors controlling the phylogenetic community structure in different strata (whole strata, upperstory, and understory) of Abies nephrolepis and Abies koreana forests in the subalpine zone in South Korea. Piecewise structural equation modeling (pSEM) was performed based on terrain, climate, taxonomic diversity, stand structure characteristics, and disturbance factors. The controlling factors presented different responses for each species depending on the stratum and phylogenetic community structure indices (net relatedness index and nearest taxon index). A. nephrolepis showed a unique community formation mechanism and formed climate refugia through high rock exposure, whereas A. koreana showed niche conservation at high elevations and a community overdispersion trend when forest gaps appeared due to overstory vegetation loss. The Mantel test and partial Mantel test were performed to examine the impact of turnover and nestedness on phylogenetic β‐diversity, as well as to establish their correlations with climatic, geographic, and environmental distance. Turnover was a major contributing factor to β‐diversity and strongly correlated with environmental distance. Further, geographical and climatic distance presented differential contributions to each species depending on the community characteristics. Integrated analyses of phylogenetic community structure and β‐diversity provided detailed insights into the mechanisms underlying community formation and biodiversity patterns. This reveals that biodiversity patterns are driven by interactions between community structure and inter‐community characteristics, with internal structure as a key mechanism influencing β‐diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Ecosphere is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Phylogenetic structure and β‐diversity reveal assembly mechanisms of subalpine Abies forests in South Korea.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lee%2C+Seung‐Jae%22">Lee, Seung‐Jae</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shin%2C+Dong‐Bin%22">Shin, Dong‐Bin</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lee%2C+Ah‐Rim%22">Lee, Ah‐Rim</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Byeon%2C+Jun‐Gi%22">Byeon, Jun‐Gi</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lee%2C+Dong‐Hyoung%22">Lee, Dong‐Hyoung</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Oh%2C+Seung‐Hwan%22">Oh, Seung‐Hwan</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> oshwan@knu.ac.kr</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Ecosphere%22">Ecosphere</searchLink>. Nov2025, Vol. 16 Issue 11, p1-20. 20p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biodiversity%22">Biodiversity</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mountain+forests%22">Mountain forests</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Climate+change%22">Climate change</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Species+diversity%22">Species diversity</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biotic+communities%22">Biotic communities</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Coniferous+forests%22">Coniferous forests</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phylogeny%22">Phylogeny</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fir%22">Fir</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22South+Korea%22">South Korea</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Subalpine coniferous forest ecosystems are sensitive to climate change. However, the community formation mechanisms of subalpine coniferous forests in northeastern Asia remain poorly understood. In this study, we assessed the factors controlling the phylogenetic community structure in different strata (whole strata, upperstory, and understory) of Abies nephrolepis and Abies koreana forests in the subalpine zone in South Korea. Piecewise structural equation modeling (pSEM) was performed based on terrain, climate, taxonomic diversity, stand structure characteristics, and disturbance factors. The controlling factors presented different responses for each species depending on the stratum and phylogenetic community structure indices (net relatedness index and nearest taxon index). A. nephrolepis showed a unique community formation mechanism and formed climate refugia through high rock exposure, whereas A. koreana showed niche conservation at high elevations and a community overdispersion trend when forest gaps appeared due to overstory vegetation loss. The Mantel test and partial Mantel test were performed to examine the impact of turnover and nestedness on phylogenetic β‐diversity, as well as to establish their correlations with climatic, geographic, and environmental distance. Turnover was a major contributing factor to β‐diversity and strongly correlated with environmental distance. Further, geographical and climatic distance presented differential contributions to each species depending on the community characteristics. Integrated analyses of phylogenetic community structure and β‐diversity provided detailed insights into the mechanisms underlying community formation and biodiversity patterns. This reveals that biodiversity patterns are driven by interactions between community structure and inter‐community characteristics, with internal structure as a key mechanism influencing β‐diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Ecosphere is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1002/ecs2.70414
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 20
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Biodiversity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mountain forests
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Climate change
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Species diversity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Biotic communities
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Coniferous forests
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Phylogeny
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fir
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: South Korea
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Phylogenetic structure and β‐diversity reveal assembly mechanisms of subalpine Abies forests in South Korea.
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            NameFull: Lee, Seung‐Jae
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            – D: 01
              M: 11
              Text: Nov2025
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              Y: 2025
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