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Response of mature Norway spruce to experimental thermal and drought stress in relation to Ips typographus attack: Crown temperatures and sap flow.

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Title: Response of mature Norway spruce to experimental thermal and drought stress in relation to Ips typographus attack: Crown temperatures and sap flow.
Authors: Karpov, Aleksandr1,2 (AUTHOR) aleksandr@fld.czu.cz, Pirtskhalava-Karpova, Nana1 (AUTHOR), Singh, Vivek Vikram1 (AUTHOR), Trubin, Aleksei1,3 (AUTHOR), Korolyova, Nataliya4,5 (AUTHOR), Modlinger, Roman1 (AUTHOR), Jakuš, Rastislav1,4 (AUTHOR)
Source: Forest Ecology & Management. Jan2026, Vol. 600, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subject Terms: *Plant transpiration, *Forest management, *Droughts, *Climate change, Norway spruce, Thermal stresses, Leaf temperature, Ips typographus
Geographic Terms: Czech Republic
Abstract: The effects of climate change are exacerbating the impact of drought and heat stress on forest ecosystems, affecting forests worldwide. This study investigates the physiological responses of mature Norway spruce (Picea abies) to drought and thermal stress, focusing on sap flow and crown temperature. Three trial plots were established in Kostelec nad Černými Lesy, Czech Republic, under different conditions: forest edge, under rain-excluding roofs (simulating drought), and forest interior. A combination of remote sensing techniques, including spectral indices, LiDAR, and direct sap flow measurements, was used to assess the tree response. Sap flow sensors, aerial hyperspectral, and thermal imaging were employed to measure sap flow and crown temperature, while LiDAR was used to assess canopy structure. Edge trees exhibited pronounced thermal stress with crown temperatures elevated by 2.91°C (large effect) yet maintained sap flow comparable to controls (negligible effect). Conversely, drought-stressed trees showed substantial reductions in sap flow (−2.14 kg/h, large effect) despite moderate crown temperature increases (+0.70°C, medium effect). Spectral indices decreased significantly in both stressed groups (large effect), proving valuable for detecting water stress. Bark beetle attacks occurred exclusively in drought-stressed plots. Generalized additive models revealed that sap flow was primarily driven by trunk diameter, soil water potential, and crown temperature, while crown temperature was predominantly controlled by neighborhood canopy density, sap flow, and solar radiation. These findings highlight the importance of understanding physiological responses for developing forest management strategies to mitigate climate change effects and bark beetle outbreaks. [Display omitted] • The rain exclusion roofs reduced sap flow by 2,1 kg/h. • The crown temperatures rose by 2.9°C at the forest edges. • Spruce bark beetle attacks are linked to prolonged drought stress. • Spectral indices are sensitive to prolonged drought and acute thermal stress. • The most robust predictors of crown temperature are sap flow and canopy density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Forest Ecology & Management is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Response of mature Norway spruce to experimental thermal and drought stress in relation to Ips typographus attack: Crown temperatures and sap flow.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Karpov%2C+Aleksandr%22">Karpov, Aleksandr</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> aleksandr@fld.czu.cz</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pirtskhalava-Karpova%2C+Nana%22">Pirtskhalava-Karpova, Nana</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Singh%2C+Vivek+Vikram%22">Singh, Vivek Vikram</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Trubin%2C+Aleksei%22">Trubin, Aleksei</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Korolyova%2C+Nataliya%22">Korolyova, Nataliya</searchLink><relatesTo>4,5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Modlinger%2C+Roman%22">Modlinger, Roman</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jakuš%2C+Rastislav%22">Jakuš, Rastislav</searchLink><relatesTo>1,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Forest+Ecology+%26+Management%22">Forest Ecology & Management</searchLink>. Jan2026, Vol. 600, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Plant+transpiration%22">Plant transpiration</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Forest+management%22">Forest management</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Droughts%22">Droughts</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Climate+change%22">Climate change</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Norway+spruce%22">Norway spruce</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermal+stresses%22">Thermal stresses</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Leaf+temperature%22">Leaf temperature</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ips+typographus%22">Ips typographus</searchLink>
– Name: SubjectGeographic
  Label: Geographic Terms
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Czech+Republic%22">Czech Republic</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The effects of climate change are exacerbating the impact of drought and heat stress on forest ecosystems, affecting forests worldwide. This study investigates the physiological responses of mature Norway spruce (Picea abies) to drought and thermal stress, focusing on sap flow and crown temperature. Three trial plots were established in Kostelec nad Černými Lesy, Czech Republic, under different conditions: forest edge, under rain-excluding roofs (simulating drought), and forest interior. A combination of remote sensing techniques, including spectral indices, LiDAR, and direct sap flow measurements, was used to assess the tree response. Sap flow sensors, aerial hyperspectral, and thermal imaging were employed to measure sap flow and crown temperature, while LiDAR was used to assess canopy structure. Edge trees exhibited pronounced thermal stress with crown temperatures elevated by 2.91°C (large effect) yet maintained sap flow comparable to controls (negligible effect). Conversely, drought-stressed trees showed substantial reductions in sap flow (−2.14 kg/h, large effect) despite moderate crown temperature increases (+0.70°C, medium effect). Spectral indices decreased significantly in both stressed groups (large effect), proving valuable for detecting water stress. Bark beetle attacks occurred exclusively in drought-stressed plots. Generalized additive models revealed that sap flow was primarily driven by trunk diameter, soil water potential, and crown temperature, while crown temperature was predominantly controlled by neighborhood canopy density, sap flow, and solar radiation. These findings highlight the importance of understanding physiological responses for developing forest management strategies to mitigate climate change effects and bark beetle outbreaks. [Display omitted] • The rain exclusion roofs reduced sap flow by 2,1 kg/h. • The crown temperatures rose by 2.9°C at the forest edges. • Spruce bark beetle attacks are linked to prolonged drought stress. • Spectral indices are sensitive to prolonged drought and acute thermal stress. • The most robust predictors of crown temperature are sap flow and canopy density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Forest Ecology & Management is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123290
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 1
        StartPage: N.PAG
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Plant transpiration
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Forest management
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Droughts
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Climate change
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Norway spruce
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Thermal stresses
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Leaf temperature
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ips typographus
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Czech Republic
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Response of mature Norway spruce to experimental thermal and drought stress in relation to Ips typographus attack: Crown temperatures and sap flow.
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            NameFull: Karpov, Aleksandr
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            NameFull: Pirtskhalava-Karpova, Nana
      – PersonEntity:
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            NameFull: Singh, Vivek Vikram
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            NameFull: Trubin, Aleksei
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            NameFull: Korolyova, Nataliya
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            NameFull: Modlinger, Roman
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            NameFull: Jakuš, Rastislav
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            – D: 15
              M: 01
              Text: Jan2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 03781127
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              Value: 600
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            – TitleFull: Forest Ecology & Management
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