Multiple Genetic Impacts of Immigration Interact to Shape Local Population Persistence versus Extinction: Evolutionary Rescue, Inbreeding Vortex, and Migrational Meltdown.
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| Title: | Multiple Genetic Impacts of Immigration Interact to Shape Local Population Persistence versus Extinction: Evolutionary Rescue, Inbreeding Vortex, and Migrational Meltdown. |
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| Authors: | Reid, Jane M.1 (AUTHOR) jane.m.reid@ntnu.no, Dickel, Lisa2 (AUTHOR), Arcese, Peter3 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | American Naturalist. Dec2025, Vol. 206 Issue 6, p506-526. 21p. |
| Subject Terms: | *Biological extinction, *Population dynamics, Emigration & immigration, Microevolution, Population genetics, Inbreeding, Song sparrow |
| Abstract: | Major ongoing theoretical and empirical challenges are to predict impacts of immigration on extinction probabilities of remaining populations within fragmented habitats. Comprehensive prediction requires considering multiple genetic effects on demography, including inbreeding and resulting inbreeding depression, additive genetic variance in fitness and resulting adaptive microevolution, and local adaptation and resulting migration load. However, all such effects have not been quantified or modeled simultaneously, especially for small wild populations experiencing regular natural immigration. We used quantitative genetic individual-based simulations parameterized using long-term data from song sparrows (Melospiza melodia) to show that contrary to broad expectation, increasing immigration could slightly increase short-term extinction probability. This outcome arose because while immigration reduced inbreeding and resulting expression of inbreeding depression, migration load stemming from apparent local adaptation was substantial and counteracted local adaptive microevolution, especially given heterosis-enhanced introgression. However, alternative self-reinforcing outcomes of rapid extinction due to an inbreeding-induced extinction vortex or migrational meltdown, as well as persistence due to microevolution of increased population growth, commonly arose. These results imply that altering dispersal rates among populations will not necessarily predictably affect local population persistence over short eco-evolutionary timeframes and highlight how remaining populations can lie on a knife-edge between persistence and alternative routes to genetically induced extinction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of American Naturalist is the property of University of Chicago and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | GreenFILE |
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| Header | DbId: 8gh DbLabel: GreenFILE An: 189879500 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Multiple Genetic Impacts of Immigration Interact to Shape Local Population Persistence versus Extinction: Evolutionary Rescue, Inbreeding Vortex, and Migrational Meltdown. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Reid%2C+Jane+M%2E%22">Reid, Jane M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> jane.m.reid@ntnu.no</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dickel%2C+Lisa%22">Dickel, Lisa</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Arcese%2C+Peter%22">Arcese, Peter</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22American+Naturalist%22">American Naturalist</searchLink>. Dec2025, Vol. 206 Issue 6, p506-526. 21p. – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biological+extinction%22">Biological extinction</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Population+dynamics%22">Population dynamics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Emigration+%26+immigration%22">Emigration & immigration</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microevolution%22">Microevolution</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Population+genetics%22">Population genetics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Inbreeding%22">Inbreeding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Song+sparrow%22">Song sparrow</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Major ongoing theoretical and empirical challenges are to predict impacts of immigration on extinction probabilities of remaining populations within fragmented habitats. Comprehensive prediction requires considering multiple genetic effects on demography, including inbreeding and resulting inbreeding depression, additive genetic variance in fitness and resulting adaptive microevolution, and local adaptation and resulting migration load. However, all such effects have not been quantified or modeled simultaneously, especially for small wild populations experiencing regular natural immigration. We used quantitative genetic individual-based simulations parameterized using long-term data from song sparrows (Melospiza melodia) to show that contrary to broad expectation, increasing immigration could slightly increase short-term extinction probability. This outcome arose because while immigration reduced inbreeding and resulting expression of inbreeding depression, migration load stemming from apparent local adaptation was substantial and counteracted local adaptive microevolution, especially given heterosis-enhanced introgression. However, alternative self-reinforcing outcomes of rapid extinction due to an inbreeding-induced extinction vortex or migrational meltdown, as well as persistence due to microevolution of increased population growth, commonly arose. These results imply that altering dispersal rates among populations will not necessarily predictably affect local population persistence over short eco-evolutionary timeframes and highlight how remaining populations can lie on a knife-edge between persistence and alternative routes to genetically induced extinction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of American Naturalist is the property of University of Chicago and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1086/737752 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 21 StartPage: 506 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Biological extinction Type: general – SubjectFull: Population dynamics Type: general – SubjectFull: Emigration & immigration Type: general – SubjectFull: Microevolution Type: general – SubjectFull: Population genetics Type: general – SubjectFull: Inbreeding Type: general – SubjectFull: Song sparrow Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Multiple Genetic Impacts of Immigration Interact to Shape Local Population Persistence versus Extinction: Evolutionary Rescue, Inbreeding Vortex, and Migrational Meltdown. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Reid, Jane M. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Dickel, Lisa – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Arcese, Peter IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 12 Text: Dec2025 Type: published Y: 2025 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 00030147 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 206 – Type: issue Value: 6 Titles: – TitleFull: American Naturalist Type: main |
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