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A technical and economic analysis of green hydrogen production: a case study of hydrogen export from Sumatra, Indonesia, to Singapore.

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Title: A technical and economic analysis of green hydrogen production: a case study of hydrogen export from Sumatra, Indonesia, to Singapore.
Authors: Afif Hernanda, Ardhil1,2 (AUTHOR), Hermawan, Rachmat2 (AUTHOR), Vanany, Iwan3 (AUTHOR), Miao, Bin4 (AUTHOR), Hwa Chan, Siew4 (AUTHOR), Suwarno, Suwarno1 (AUTHOR) warno@me.its.ac.id
Source: International Journal of Sustainable Engineering. Dec2025, Vol. 18 Issue 1, p1-18. 18p.
Subject Terms: *Hydrogen production, *Energy consumption, *Renewable energy sources, *Green fuels, *Underwater pipelines, Hydrogen storage
Geographic Terms: Sumatra (Indonesia), Indonesia, Singapore
Abstract: Green hydrogen from renewable electricity is crucial for achieving future net-zero-emission energy systems. A promising strategy involves producing hydrogen in regions with high green electricity potential and transporting it to areas of demand. This study explores the technical and economic feasibility of producing green hydrogen in Sumatra, Indonesia, and transporting it to Singapore via a subsea pipeline with a capacity of 100 ktH2/year. Using commercially available electrolysers and components for hydrogen storage and transportation, the study evaluates the hydrogen supply chain. Two storage methods are considered: compressed tanks and metal hydrides. Electricity costs significantly impact the landed cost of hydrogen, contributing approximately 60% to compressed storage. The metal-hydride system has about 2% higher energy efficiency than compressed storage. In the given energy cost, the landed cost is around USD 4.09–6.03 per kilogram, which is lower than current literature values. From a system perspective, metal-hydride solid-state storage may offer advantages due to its low operational pressure requirements. Implementing these requirements simplifies hydrogen plant infrastructure and related expenses. In this scenario, the capital expenditure is around USD 275.91–453.49 per kilogram, making it competitive with compressed hydrogen storage options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Sustainable Engineering is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: GreenFILE
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  Data: A technical and economic analysis of green hydrogen production: a case study of hydrogen export from Sumatra, Indonesia, to Singapore.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Sustainable+Engineering%22">International Journal of Sustainable Engineering</searchLink>. Dec2025, Vol. 18 Issue 1, p1-18. 18p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydrogen+production%22">Hydrogen production</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Energy+consumption%22">Energy consumption</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Renewable+energy+sources%22">Renewable energy sources</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Green+fuels%22">Green fuels</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Underwater+pipelines%22">Underwater pipelines</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydrogen+storage%22">Hydrogen storage</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sumatra+%28Indonesia%29%22">Sumatra (Indonesia)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Indonesia%22">Indonesia</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Singapore%22">Singapore</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Green hydrogen from renewable electricity is crucial for achieving future net-zero-emission energy systems. A promising strategy involves producing hydrogen in regions with high green electricity potential and transporting it to areas of demand. This study explores the technical and economic feasibility of producing green hydrogen in Sumatra, Indonesia, and transporting it to Singapore via a subsea pipeline with a capacity of 100 ktH2/year. Using commercially available electrolysers and components for hydrogen storage and transportation, the study evaluates the hydrogen supply chain. Two storage methods are considered: compressed tanks and metal hydrides. Electricity costs significantly impact the landed cost of hydrogen, contributing approximately 60% to compressed storage. The metal-hydride system has about 2% higher energy efficiency than compressed storage. In the given energy cost, the landed cost is around USD 4.09–6.03 per kilogram, which is lower than current literature values. From a system perspective, metal-hydride solid-state storage may offer advantages due to its low operational pressure requirements. Implementing these requirements simplifies hydrogen plant infrastructure and related expenses. In this scenario, the capital expenditure is around USD 275.91–453.49 per kilogram, making it competitive with compressed hydrogen storage options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Sustainable Engineering is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/19397038.2025.2592993
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 18
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Hydrogen production
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Energy consumption
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Renewable energy sources
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Green fuels
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Underwater pipelines
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hydrogen storage
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sumatra (Indonesia)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Indonesia
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Singapore
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: A technical and economic analysis of green hydrogen production: a case study of hydrogen export from Sumatra, Indonesia, to Singapore.
        Type: main
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            NameFull: Afif Hernanda, Ardhil
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            NameFull: Hermawan, Rachmat
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            – D: 01
              M: 12
              Text: Dec2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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