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Spontaneous Hot Flow Anomalies in Earth's Foreshock.

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Title: Spontaneous Hot Flow Anomalies in Earth's Foreshock.
Authors: Rojas‐Castillo, D.1 (AUTHOR) dianarc@igeofisica.unam.mx, Blanco‐Cano, X.1 (AUTHOR), Kajdič, P.1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics. Dec2025, Vol. 130 Issue 12, p1-20. 20p.
Subject Terms: Solar wind, Magnetosphere, Magnetic fields, Plasma density
Abstract: In recent years, we have learned that foreshock transients play an influential role in solar wind coupling with Earth's magnetosphere. These transients include spontaneous hot flow anomalies (SHFAs), which are characterized by dips in magnetic field magnitude and ion density, enhanced temperature, decelerated and deflected solar wind flow, and are surrounded by ultra low frequency (ULF) waves. SHFAs share some characteristics with hot flow anomalies, but their formation mechanism does not require a discontinuity in the solar wind. SHFAs evolve close to the shock from caviton interaction with backstreaming ions. We use MMS magnetic field and plasma data to study SHFAs' internal structure and their evolution. In addition we analyze the properties of velocity distribution functions inside the events and in their surroundings. Our findings show that the morphology of the SHFAs is diverse depending on where they are located. They can appear deep in the foreshock or close to the ULF wave foreshock boundary, where they separate regions with different types of waves. Those SHFAs observed closer to the bow shock can experience more compression at their rear edge. Overall, our results show that the internal structure of SHFAs is more complex and diverse than previously thought. Key Points: Spontaneous hot flow anomalies (SHFAs) present a range of different properties that depend on their location within the foreshockSHFAs internal structure can be more complex than previously thoughtSome SHFAs may be related to other foreshock structures, such as short large amplitude magnetic structures [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Spontaneous Hot Flow Anomalies in Earth's Foreshock.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rojas‐Castillo%2C+D%2E%22">Rojas‐Castillo, D.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> dianarc@igeofisica.unam.mx</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Blanco‐Cano%2C+X%2E%22">Blanco‐Cano, X.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kajdič%2C+P%2E%22">Kajdič, P.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Geophysical+Research%2E+Space+Physics%22">Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics</searchLink>. Dec2025, Vol. 130 Issue 12, p1-20. 20p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solar+wind%22">Solar wind</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetosphere%22">Magnetosphere</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetic+fields%22">Magnetic fields</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Plasma+density%22">Plasma density</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: In recent years, we have learned that foreshock transients play an influential role in solar wind coupling with Earth's magnetosphere. These transients include spontaneous hot flow anomalies (SHFAs), which are characterized by dips in magnetic field magnitude and ion density, enhanced temperature, decelerated and deflected solar wind flow, and are surrounded by ultra low frequency (ULF) waves. SHFAs share some characteristics with hot flow anomalies, but their formation mechanism does not require a discontinuity in the solar wind. SHFAs evolve close to the shock from caviton interaction with backstreaming ions. We use MMS magnetic field and plasma data to study SHFAs' internal structure and their evolution. In addition we analyze the properties of velocity distribution functions inside the events and in their surroundings. Our findings show that the morphology of the SHFAs is diverse depending on where they are located. They can appear deep in the foreshock or close to the ULF wave foreshock boundary, where they separate regions with different types of waves. Those SHFAs observed closer to the bow shock can experience more compression at their rear edge. Overall, our results show that the internal structure of SHFAs is more complex and diverse than previously thought. Key Points: Spontaneous hot flow anomalies (SHFAs) present a range of different properties that depend on their location within the foreshockSHFAs internal structure can be more complex than previously thoughtSome SHFAs may be related to other foreshock structures, such as short large amplitude magnetic structures [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1029/2025JA034456
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 20
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      – SubjectFull: Solar wind
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Magnetosphere
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Magnetic fields
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Plasma density
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Spontaneous Hot Flow Anomalies in Earth's Foreshock.
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            NameFull: Blanco‐Cano, X.
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            – D: 01
              M: 12
              Text: Dec2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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