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Microbursts Near the Electron Isotropy Boundary: Colocation of Curvature and Whistler‐Mode Scattering.

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Title: Microbursts Near the Electron Isotropy Boundary: Colocation of Curvature and Whistler‐Mode Scattering.
Authors: Artemyev, A. V.1 (AUTHOR) aartemyev@igpp.ucla.edu, Klimov, P. A.2,3 (AUTHOR), Nikolaeva, V. D.2 (AUTHOR), Zhang, X.‐J.4 (AUTHOR), Angelopoulos, V.1 (AUTHOR), Shchelkanov, K. D.2,3 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics. Dec2025, Vol. 130 Issue 12, p1-13. 13p.
Subject Terms: Microbursts, Radiation belts, Plasma waves, Scattering (Physics), Ionized gases
Abstract: Field‐line curvature scattering (FLCS) within the plasma sheet–to–outer radiation belt transition region (hereafter PS2ORB) serves as a key driver of energy‐latitude dispersion in energetic electron precipitation observed at low latitudes. This precipitation forms the isotropy boundary of electrons (IBe pattern), located between the isotropic <200 ${< } 200$ keV electron fluxes of the plasma sheet and the anisotropic relativistic fluxes of the outer radiation belt. During geomagnetically active periods, the PS2ORB region becomes populated with plasma sheet injections that introduce various transient electron precipitation mechanisms, significantly complicating the structure of the IBe pattern. In this study, we show that the timescales of these precipitations can reach subsecond levels, allowing them to be interpreted as microbursts. Observations of such microbursts substantially enhance the spatial and temporal variability of the IBe pattern. By combining low‐altitude ELFIN satellite measurements with high‐temporal‐resolution (∼ ${\sim} $40 ms) near‐UV imaging photometer data from the Pulsating Aurora Imaging Photometers System project, we separate between FLCS‐driven precipitation patterns that form the IBe pattern and electron scattering by whistler‐mode waves, which generates microbursts. We identify, for the first time, the near‐colocation of these two precipitation mechanisms within the PS2ORB region–an important feature not previously reported. Key Points: We show examples of microburst electron precipitation measured by a ground‐based photometer in the near‐UV rangeWe show that the time‐scale of optical microbursts optical midnight bursts (OMBs) is comparable to the time‐scale of whistler‐mode wave packetsWe demonstrate OMBs overlapping with the electron isotropy boundary measured by the ELFIN CubeSat [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Microbursts Near the Electron Isotropy Boundary: Colocation of Curvature and Whistler‐Mode Scattering.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Artemyev%2C+A%2E+V%2E%22&quot;&gt;Artemyev, A. V.&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; aartemyev@igpp.ucla.edu&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Klimov%2C+P%2E+A%2E%22&quot;&gt;Klimov, P. A.&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;2,3&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Nikolaeva%2C+V%2E+D%2E%22&quot;&gt;Nikolaeva, V. D.&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;2&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Zhang%2C+X%2E‐J%2E%22&quot;&gt;Zhang, X.‐J.&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;4&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Angelopoulos%2C+V%2E%22&quot;&gt;Angelopoulos, V.&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Shchelkanov%2C+K%2E+D%2E%22&quot;&gt;Shchelkanov, K. D.&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;2,3&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)
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  Data: Field‐line curvature scattering (FLCS) within the plasma sheet–to–outer radiation belt transition region (hereafter PS2ORB) serves as a key driver of energy‐latitude dispersion in energetic electron precipitation observed at low latitudes. This precipitation forms the isotropy boundary of electrons (IBe pattern), located between the isotropic &lt;200 ${&lt; } 200$ keV electron fluxes of the plasma sheet and the anisotropic relativistic fluxes of the outer radiation belt. During geomagnetically active periods, the PS2ORB region becomes populated with plasma sheet injections that introduce various transient electron precipitation mechanisms, significantly complicating the structure of the IBe pattern. In this study, we show that the timescales of these precipitations can reach subsecond levels, allowing them to be interpreted as microbursts. Observations of such microbursts substantially enhance the spatial and temporal variability of the IBe pattern. By combining low‐altitude ELFIN satellite measurements with high‐temporal‐resolution (∼ ${\sim} $40 ms) near‐UV imaging photometer data from the Pulsating Aurora Imaging Photometers System project, we separate between FLCS‐driven precipitation patterns that form the IBe pattern and electron scattering by whistler‐mode waves, which generates microbursts. We identify, for the first time, the near‐colocation of these two precipitation mechanisms within the PS2ORB region–an important feature not previously reported. Key Points: We show examples of microburst electron precipitation measured by a ground‐based photometer in the near‐UV rangeWe show that the time‐scale of optical microbursts optical midnight bursts (OMBs) is comparable to the time‐scale of whistler‐mode wave packetsWe demonstrate OMBs overlapping with the electron isotropy boundary measured by the ELFIN CubeSat [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1029/2025JA034477
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 13
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Microbursts
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Radiation belts
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Plasma waves
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Scattering (Physics)
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      – SubjectFull: Ionized gases
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      – TitleFull: Microbursts Near the Electron Isotropy Boundary: Colocation of Curvature and Whistler‐Mode Scattering.
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              M: 12
              Text: Dec2025
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