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Impacts of rice–upland rotation during its rice season on greenhouse gas emissions and crop yield.

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Title: Impacts of rice–upland rotation during its rice season on greenhouse gas emissions and crop yield.
Authors: Kang, Yueao1 (AUTHOR) kyueao@163.com, Song, Bo1,2,3 (AUTHOR) songbo@pku.edu.cn, Tang, Jin1 (AUTHOR) tangjin_22@163.com, Qian, Dayi1,4,5 (AUTHOR) qday@ustb.edu.cn
Source: Clean Technologies & Environmental Policy. Jan2026, Vol. 28 Issue 1, p1-17. 17p.
Subject Terms: *Greenhouse gases, *Crop yields, *Nitrogen fertilizers, *Organic fertilizers, *Radiative forcing, *Methane, Nitroxides, Upland rice
Abstract: Rice cultivation serves as a significant contributor to anthropogenic methane emissions. Several studies have shown that rice–upland rotation has potential in reducing CH4 emissions during the rice season, but it is often accompanied by an increase in N2O emissions. Effective mitigation strategies should aim to reduce these emissions without compromising yield. Therefore, conducting an analysis to evaluate the effect of rice–upland crop rotation on CH4, N2O, and yield becomes imperative. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis employing 179 experimental cases to investigate the impact of rice–upland rotation during its rice season on CH4, N2O, crop yield, GWP (Global Warming Potential), and yield-scaled GWP. Additionally, we explored the response of these indicators to key factors like soil characteristics and field management practices. The results showed that: (1) Compared with continuous rice cropping during the counterpart season, rice–upland crop rotation increased rice yield by 7.0%, significantly reduced CH4 emissions by 49.4%, and increased N2O emissions by 17.2%, which overall resulted in a 39.4% reduction in GWP and a 36.6% reduction in yield-scaled GWP. (2) The nitrogen fertilizer application rate and organic fertilizer application rate were major factors affecting GWP in rotated rice paddies. The optimal nitrogen and organic fertilizer application rates are 100–200 kg N ha−1 and 5–10 t ha−1, respectively. (3) Maize–rice rotation was a more carbon-mitigating alternative to continuous rice, reducing yield-scaled GWP by 47.4%. In summary, this analysis suggested that rice–upland crop rotation had potential in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and could contribute to policy-making on low-carbon agricultural cultivation in rice fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Clean Technologies & Environmental Policy is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Impacts of rice–upland rotation during its rice season on greenhouse gas emissions and crop yield.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kang%2C+Yueao%22">Kang, Yueao</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> kyueao@163.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Song%2C+Bo%22">Song, Bo</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> songbo@pku.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tang%2C+Jin%22">Tang, Jin</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> tangjin_22@163.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Qian%2C+Dayi%22">Qian, Dayi</searchLink><relatesTo>1,4,5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> qday@ustb.edu.cn</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Clean+Technologies+%26+Environmental+Policy%22">Clean Technologies & Environmental Policy</searchLink>. Jan2026, Vol. 28 Issue 1, p1-17. 17p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Greenhouse+gases%22">Greenhouse gases</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Crop+yields%22">Crop yields</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nitrogen+fertilizers%22">Nitrogen fertilizers</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Organic+fertilizers%22">Organic fertilizers</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Radiative+forcing%22">Radiative forcing</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Methane%22">Methane</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nitroxides%22">Nitroxides</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Upland+rice%22">Upland rice</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Rice cultivation serves as a significant contributor to anthropogenic methane emissions. Several studies have shown that rice–upland rotation has potential in reducing CH4 emissions during the rice season, but it is often accompanied by an increase in N2O emissions. Effective mitigation strategies should aim to reduce these emissions without compromising yield. Therefore, conducting an analysis to evaluate the effect of rice–upland crop rotation on CH4, N2O, and yield becomes imperative. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis employing 179 experimental cases to investigate the impact of rice–upland rotation during its rice season on CH4, N2O, crop yield, GWP (Global Warming Potential), and yield-scaled GWP. Additionally, we explored the response of these indicators to key factors like soil characteristics and field management practices. The results showed that: (1) Compared with continuous rice cropping during the counterpart season, rice–upland crop rotation increased rice yield by 7.0%, significantly reduced CH4 emissions by 49.4%, and increased N2O emissions by 17.2%, which overall resulted in a 39.4% reduction in GWP and a 36.6% reduction in yield-scaled GWP. (2) The nitrogen fertilizer application rate and organic fertilizer application rate were major factors affecting GWP in rotated rice paddies. The optimal nitrogen and organic fertilizer application rates are 100–200 kg N ha−1 and 5–10 t ha−1, respectively. (3) Maize–rice rotation was a more carbon-mitigating alternative to continuous rice, reducing yield-scaled GWP by 47.4%. In summary, this analysis suggested that rice–upland crop rotation had potential in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and could contribute to policy-making on low-carbon agricultural cultivation in rice fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Clean Technologies & Environmental Policy is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s10098-025-03388-2
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 17
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Greenhouse gases
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Crop yields
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nitrogen fertilizers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Organic fertilizers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Radiative forcing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Methane
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nitroxides
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Upland rice
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Impacts of rice–upland rotation during its rice season on greenhouse gas emissions and crop yield.
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            NameFull: Song, Bo
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            NameFull: Tang, Jin
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              Text: Jan2026
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              Y: 2026
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