Comparative Plastome Analysis of Artocarpus Species in China: Insight Into Adaptive Evolution and Mutational Hotspot Regions.

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Title: Comparative Plastome Analysis of Artocarpus Species in China: Insight Into Adaptive Evolution and Mutational Hotspot Regions.
Authors: Zhang, Ru‐Li1,2 (AUTHOR), Li, Xian‐Huang3,4 (AUTHOR), Nuo, Shu‐Mei5 (AUTHOR), Li, Bi‐Lin6 (AUTHOR), Peng, Ming‐Song2 (AUTHOR), Li, Wei‐ying7 (AUTHOR), Zhou, Yun1,2 (AUTHOR), Yan, Dong5 (AUTHOR) 18487301959@163.com, Dong, Zhang‐Hong1,6 (AUTHOR) dongzhanghong@swfu.edu.cn
Source: Ecology & Evolution (20457758). Jan2026, Vol. 16 Issue 1, p1-16. 16p.
Subject Terms: *Biological evolution, Artocarpus, Phylogeny, Chloroplast DNA, Genetic variation
Geographic Terms: China
Abstract: The genus Artocarpus J. R. Forst. & G. Forst., with about 70 species worldwide, contains roughly 15 species in China. Nevertheless, the phylogenetic relationships among these Chinese Artocarpus are incompletely understood. Here, we analyzed plastomes of ten Chinese Artocarpus species. These plastomes have a typical quadripartite structure, and sizes ranging from 160,184 bp to 161,009 bp. Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) numbered 73 to 95, while dispersed repeats ranged from 51 to 81. The protein‐coding genes displayed comparable RSCU patterns with minor variations. The genes ycf1 and ndhF showed varying degrees of expansion and contraction at their boundaries. Analysis of selective pressures in 72 protein‐coding genes revealed a predominance of purifying selection, with an average Ka/Ks ratio of 0.23, as well as evidence of positive selection in specific genes. Positive selection was detected in the genes atpF, rpoC2, rpoC1, cemA, rpl20, clpP, petD, rps8, rps3, rps19, ycf2, ycf1, and ndhD within the plastomes of ten Artocarpus species in China. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated a high degree of consistency in their main topological structures, dividing the genus Artocarpus into Clade A and Clade B. The highly variable regions trnH‐psbA, trnG‐UCC‐trnR‐UCU, trnS‐UGA, trnT‐UGU‐trnL‐UAA, and rps19 were suggested as molecular markers for distinguishing between these clades. Additionally, the study also identified 12 distinct highly variable regions, which represent potential molecular markers for Artocarpus. These results not only enhance our understanding of the phylogenetic relationships within Chinese Artocarpus but also underscore the utility of these specific molecular markers for future studies in this genus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Ecology & Evolution (20457758) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Comparative Plastome Analysis of Artocarpus Species in China: Insight Into Adaptive Evolution and Mutational Hotspot Regions.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Ecology+%26+Evolution+%2820457758%29%22">Ecology & Evolution (20457758)</searchLink>. Jan2026, Vol. 16 Issue 1, p1-16. 16p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biological+evolution%22">Biological evolution</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Artocarpus%22">Artocarpus</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phylogeny%22">Phylogeny</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chloroplast+DNA%22">Chloroplast DNA</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Genetic+variation%22">Genetic variation</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: The genus Artocarpus J. R. Forst. & G. Forst., with about 70 species worldwide, contains roughly 15 species in China. Nevertheless, the phylogenetic relationships among these Chinese Artocarpus are incompletely understood. Here, we analyzed plastomes of ten Chinese Artocarpus species. These plastomes have a typical quadripartite structure, and sizes ranging from 160,184 bp to 161,009 bp. Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) numbered 73 to 95, while dispersed repeats ranged from 51 to 81. The protein‐coding genes displayed comparable RSCU patterns with minor variations. The genes ycf1 and ndhF showed varying degrees of expansion and contraction at their boundaries. Analysis of selective pressures in 72 protein‐coding genes revealed a predominance of purifying selection, with an average Ka/Ks ratio of 0.23, as well as evidence of positive selection in specific genes. Positive selection was detected in the genes atpF, rpoC2, rpoC1, cemA, rpl20, clpP, petD, rps8, rps3, rps19, ycf2, ycf1, and ndhD within the plastomes of ten Artocarpus species in China. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated a high degree of consistency in their main topological structures, dividing the genus Artocarpus into Clade A and Clade B. The highly variable regions trnH‐psbA, trnG‐UCC‐trnR‐UCU, trnS‐UGA, trnT‐UGU‐trnL‐UAA, and rps19 were suggested as molecular markers for distinguishing between these clades. Additionally, the study also identified 12 distinct highly variable regions, which represent potential molecular markers for Artocarpus. These results not only enhance our understanding of the phylogenetic relationships within Chinese Artocarpus but also underscore the utility of these specific molecular markers for future studies in this genus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Ecology & Evolution (20457758) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1002/ece3.72881
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 16
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Biological evolution
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Artocarpus
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Phylogeny
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Chloroplast DNA
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Genetic variation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: China
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Comparative Plastome Analysis of Artocarpus Species in China: Insight Into Adaptive Evolution and Mutational Hotspot Regions.
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              Text: Jan2026
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              Y: 2026
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