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Climate change and the pesticide treadmill: rethinking pest management for a resilient future.

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Title: Climate change and the pesticide treadmill: rethinking pest management for a resilient future.
Authors: Ali, Iqra1 (AUTHOR), Suganthi, A.1 (AUTHOR) suganthi.a@tnau.ac.in, Murugan, M.1 (AUTHOR), Senthil, A.2 (AUTHOR), Senthil-Kumar, M.3 (AUTHOR), Kavitha, C.4 (AUTHOR), Mukthar, Malik5 (AUTHOR), Sahoo, Bimal Kumar1 (AUTHOR), Ikram, Mohammad1 (AUTHOR), Selvi, C.1 (AUTHOR), Muralitharan, V.1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Environmental Reviews. 3/4/2026, Vol. 34, p1-29. 29p.
Subject Terms: *Climate change, *Pest control, *Temperature effect, *Plant parasites, *Pesticide resistance, *Agricultural ecology, Insecticide application
Abstract: Global climate change (GCC), characterized mainly by rising temperatures and elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, is reshaping the delicate balance of what this review refers to as the "3 Ps": plant–pest–pesticide interactions. Climate extremes weaken plant growth and modify defense chemistry, often increasing vulnerability to herbivores, while simultaneously shifting pest distribution, fitness, and resistance potential, particularly in regions where warming expands the overwintering range of major pests. Pesticides, the cornerstone of modern agriculture, often exhibit climate-sensitivity. Temperature, CO2, and daily thermal fluctuations can significantly modulate the rates of absorption, metabolism, and degradation. These interactions rarely act in isolation. Instead, they create complex feedback loops that amplify both pest pressure and pesticide reliance, trapping agriculture in a "pesticide treadmill" amid a changing climate. Insects further complicate this cycle by adjusting their susceptibility through temperature-mediated modulation of detoxification enzymes and stress-response pathways. Elevated CO2 and temperature further reshape soil–pesticide interactions, variably accelerating degradation or diminishing efficacy. Recognizing these complex and interconnected dynamics is essential for rethinking pest management. This review synthesizes current knowledge on how GCC reshapes the three Ps relationship, and advocates for a paradigm shift toward climate-smart, resilient pest management systems that secure agricultural productivity while reducing ecological risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Environmental Reviews is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Climate change and the pesticide treadmill: rethinking pest management for a resilient future.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ali%2C+Iqra%22">Ali, Iqra</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Suganthi%2C+A%2E%22">Suganthi, A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> suganthi.a@tnau.ac.in</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Murugan%2C+M%2E%22">Murugan, M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Senthil%2C+A%2E%22">Senthil, A.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Senthil-Kumar%2C+M%2E%22">Senthil-Kumar, M.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kavitha%2C+C%2E%22">Kavitha, C.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mukthar%2C+Malik%22">Mukthar, Malik</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sahoo%2C+Bimal+Kumar%22">Sahoo, Bimal Kumar</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ikram%2C+Mohammad%22">Ikram, Mohammad</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Selvi%2C+C%2E%22">Selvi, C.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Muralitharan%2C+V%2E%22">Muralitharan, V.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Environmental+Reviews%22">Environmental Reviews</searchLink>. 3/4/2026, Vol. 34, p1-29. 29p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Climate+change%22">Climate change</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pest+control%22">Pest control</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Temperature+effect%22">Temperature effect</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Plant+parasites%22">Plant parasites</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pesticide+resistance%22">Pesticide resistance</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Agricultural+ecology%22">Agricultural ecology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Insecticide+application%22">Insecticide application</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Global climate change (GCC), characterized mainly by rising temperatures and elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, is reshaping the delicate balance of what this review refers to as the "3 Ps": plant–pest–pesticide interactions. Climate extremes weaken plant growth and modify defense chemistry, often increasing vulnerability to herbivores, while simultaneously shifting pest distribution, fitness, and resistance potential, particularly in regions where warming expands the overwintering range of major pests. Pesticides, the cornerstone of modern agriculture, often exhibit climate-sensitivity. Temperature, CO2, and daily thermal fluctuations can significantly modulate the rates of absorption, metabolism, and degradation. These interactions rarely act in isolation. Instead, they create complex feedback loops that amplify both pest pressure and pesticide reliance, trapping agriculture in a "pesticide treadmill" amid a changing climate. Insects further complicate this cycle by adjusting their susceptibility through temperature-mediated modulation of detoxification enzymes and stress-response pathways. Elevated CO2 and temperature further reshape soil–pesticide interactions, variably accelerating degradation or diminishing efficacy. Recognizing these complex and interconnected dynamics is essential for rethinking pest management. This review synthesizes current knowledge on how GCC reshapes the three Ps relationship, and advocates for a paradigm shift toward climate-smart, resilient pest management systems that secure agricultural productivity while reducing ecological risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Environmental Reviews is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1139/er-2025-0205
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 29
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    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Climate change
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pest control
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Temperature effect
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Plant parasites
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      – SubjectFull: Pesticide resistance
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      – SubjectFull: Agricultural ecology
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      – SubjectFull: Insecticide application
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              Text: 3/4/2026
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