An empirical investigation of the impact of energy consumption, globalization and natural resources on ecological footprint and economic growth, evidence from China, Japan, South Korea and China Taiwan.

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Title: An empirical investigation of the impact of energy consumption, globalization and natural resources on ecological footprint and economic growth, evidence from China, Japan, South Korea and China Taiwan.
Authors: Zhu, Kuiquan1 (AUTHOR) kuiquanzhu1990@outlook.com, Ali, Arshad2 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Taiming3 (AUTHOR), zada, Muhammad4 (AUTHOR)
Source: Energy & Environment. Mar2026, Vol. 37 Issue 2, p960-984. 25p.
Subject Terms: *Renewable energy sources, *Ecological impact, *Natural resources, *Energy consumption, *Nonrenewable natural resources, Globalization, Economic expansion, East Asians
Geographic Terms: Japan, Taiwan, South Korea, China
Abstract: Natural resources are regarded as important indicators that make great contributions to reducing environmental pollution and promoting growth in today's era of globalization. Thus, a more rigorous assessment of the complexity of determining growth and ecological footprint is critical. This study examines the dynamic linkages between globalization, natural resources, renewable and non-renewable energy use, ecological footprint and growth in Taiwan, Japan, China, and South Korea from 1975 to 2020. In terms of the certainty of cross-sectional dependence of panel variable data, this study uses second-generation panel unit root, cointegration, long-term elasticity, and two-way causality estimation tests to obtain reliable and valid results. The findings explore the fact that environmental degradation is substantially mitigated by the using of renewable energy sources, while other underlying factors, such as non-renewable energy sources, natural resource rent (NRR), economic growth, and globalization, exacerbate environmental pollution. In addition, the use of renewable and non-renewable energy, NRRs and globalization drive economic progress. Globalization and ecological footprint have a bilateral causal association. The research analysis supports the feedback hypothesis based on a bidirectional causal relationship between renewable energy use and ecological footprint. Based on the empirical findings of the current study, various policy endorsements are proposed to scare and control environmental damage without hampering growth in specific East Asian economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Energy & Environment is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: An empirical investigation of the impact of energy consumption, globalization and natural resources on ecological footprint and economic growth, evidence from China, Japan, South Korea and China Taiwan.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhu%2C+Kuiquan%22">Zhu, Kuiquan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> kuiquanzhu1990@outlook.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ali%2C+Arshad%22">Ali, Arshad</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Taiming%22">Zhang, Taiming</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22zada%2C+Muhammad%22">zada, Muhammad</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Energy+%26+Environment%22">Energy & Environment</searchLink>. Mar2026, Vol. 37 Issue 2, p960-984. 25p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Renewable+energy+sources%22">Renewable energy sources</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ecological+impact%22">Ecological impact</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Natural+resources%22">Natural resources</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Energy+consumption%22">Energy consumption</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nonrenewable+natural+resources%22">Nonrenewable natural resources</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Globalization%22">Globalization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Economic+expansion%22">Economic expansion</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22East+Asians%22">East Asians</searchLink>
– Name: SubjectGeographic
  Label: Geographic Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Japan%22">Japan</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Taiwan%22">Taiwan</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22South+Korea%22">South Korea</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22China%22">China</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Natural resources are regarded as important indicators that make great contributions to reducing environmental pollution and promoting growth in today's era of globalization. Thus, a more rigorous assessment of the complexity of determining growth and ecological footprint is critical. This study examines the dynamic linkages between globalization, natural resources, renewable and non-renewable energy use, ecological footprint and growth in Taiwan, Japan, China, and South Korea from 1975 to 2020. In terms of the certainty of cross-sectional dependence of panel variable data, this study uses second-generation panel unit root, cointegration, long-term elasticity, and two-way causality estimation tests to obtain reliable and valid results. The findings explore the fact that environmental degradation is substantially mitigated by the using of renewable energy sources, while other underlying factors, such as non-renewable energy sources, natural resource rent (NRR), economic growth, and globalization, exacerbate environmental pollution. In addition, the use of renewable and non-renewable energy, NRRs and globalization drive economic progress. Globalization and ecological footprint have a bilateral causal association. The research analysis supports the feedback hypothesis based on a bidirectional causal relationship between renewable energy use and ecological footprint. Based on the empirical findings of the current study, various policy endorsements are proposed to scare and control environmental damage without hampering growth in specific East Asian economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Energy & Environment is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1177/0958305X241251421
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 25
        StartPage: 960
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Renewable energy sources
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ecological impact
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Natural resources
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Energy consumption
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nonrenewable natural resources
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Globalization
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Economic expansion
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: East Asians
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Japan
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Taiwan
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: South Korea
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: China
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: An empirical investigation of the impact of energy consumption, globalization and natural resources on ecological footprint and economic growth, evidence from China, Japan, South Korea and China Taiwan.
        Type: main
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          Name:
            NameFull: Zhu, Kuiquan
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            NameFull: Ali, Arshad
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            NameFull: Zhang, Taiming
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            NameFull: zada, Muhammad
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 03
              Text: Mar2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 0958305X
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              Value: 37
            – Type: issue
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          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Energy & Environment
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