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Spatial distance and density effects on the regeneration patterns of coniferous forest in the Arid Mountains, Northwest China.

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Title: Spatial distance and density effects on the regeneration patterns of coniferous forest in the Arid Mountains, Northwest China.
Authors: Wang, Guangping1 (AUTHOR), Yu, Jian2 (AUTHOR), Liu, Chao3 (AUTHOR), Xu, Xuelei1 (AUTHOR), Yang, Junlong1,4 (AUTHOR) yangjunlong-2002@163.com, Li, Xiaowei1 (AUTHOR), Li, Xuebin1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 3/25/2026, Vol. 56, p1-13. 13p.
Subject Terms: *Forest regeneration, *Arid regions, *Forest management, *Forest thinning, Spatial arrangement, Pine, Coniferous forests
Geographic Terms: China, Northwest China
Abstract: Understanding the dual effects of distance and density on tree distributions of Pinus tabuliformis and Picea crassifolia is important for the management of arid forests. Here we studied the spatial arrangement of different-sized conifer trees in two monospecific forests in China's Luoshan Mountains to better understand their growth dynamics. Our findings showed the following: (1) Young trees (seedlings and saplings) are more clustered than adult trees. (2) Adult Pinus tabuliformis adversely impacted saplings within 2 m, whereas Picea crassifolia showed small-scale facilitation but large-scale competition in its conspecific relationships. (3) At smaller to medium spatial scales, dead adult Picea crassifolia had a stronger positive correlation with seedlings than with saplings. (4) At 9 m, dead Pinus tabuliformis trees were more clustered than live ones. (5) Live Picea crassifolia trees were more clustered than dead ones at distances of 4–12 m. (6) Pinus tabuliformis adults exhibited random patterns against dead seedlings and saplings. The dead Pinus tabuliformis seedlings and saplings showed random mortality patterns. Adult Picea crassifolia trees, by contrast, had significant positive correlations with dead seedlings and saplings at small and intermediate spatial scales. Our study indicates that survival rates of Picea crassifolia seedlings and saplings may be higher when mature trees are less dense. This suggests that thinning could benefit regeneration. We recommend further exploring selective thinning as a forest management tool for Pinus tabuliformis and Picea crassifolia forests in the Luoshan area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Forest Research is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Spatial distance and density effects on the regeneration patterns of coniferous forest in the Arid Mountains, Northwest China.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Guangping%22">Wang, Guangping</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yu%2C+Jian%22">Yu, Jian</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Chao%22">Liu, Chao</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xu%2C+Xuelei%22">Xu, Xuelei</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yang%2C+Junlong%22">Yang, Junlong</searchLink><relatesTo>1,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> yangjunlong-2002@163.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Xiaowei%22">Li, Xiaowei</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Xuebin%22">Li, Xuebin</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Canadian+Journal+of+Forest+Research%22">Canadian Journal of Forest Research</searchLink>. 3/25/2026, Vol. 56, p1-13. 13p.
– Name: Subject
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Forest+regeneration%22">Forest regeneration</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Arid+regions%22">Arid regions</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Forest+management%22">Forest management</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Forest+thinning%22">Forest thinning</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Spatial+arrangement%22">Spatial arrangement</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pine%22">Pine</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Coniferous+forests%22">Coniferous forests</searchLink>
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  Label: Geographic Terms
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22China%22">China</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Northwest+China%22">Northwest China</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Understanding the dual effects of distance and density on tree distributions of Pinus tabuliformis and Picea crassifolia is important for the management of arid forests. Here we studied the spatial arrangement of different-sized conifer trees in two monospecific forests in China's Luoshan Mountains to better understand their growth dynamics. Our findings showed the following: (1) Young trees (seedlings and saplings) are more clustered than adult trees. (2) Adult Pinus tabuliformis adversely impacted saplings within 2 m, whereas Picea crassifolia showed small-scale facilitation but large-scale competition in its conspecific relationships. (3) At smaller to medium spatial scales, dead adult Picea crassifolia had a stronger positive correlation with seedlings than with saplings. (4) At 9 m, dead Pinus tabuliformis trees were more clustered than live ones. (5) Live Picea crassifolia trees were more clustered than dead ones at distances of 4–12 m. (6) Pinus tabuliformis adults exhibited random patterns against dead seedlings and saplings. The dead Pinus tabuliformis seedlings and saplings showed random mortality patterns. Adult Picea crassifolia trees, by contrast, had significant positive correlations with dead seedlings and saplings at small and intermediate spatial scales. Our study indicates that survival rates of Picea crassifolia seedlings and saplings may be higher when mature trees are less dense. This suggests that thinning could benefit regeneration. We recommend further exploring selective thinning as a forest management tool for Pinus tabuliformis and Picea crassifolia forests in the Luoshan area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Canadian Journal of Forest Research is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1139/cjfr-2025-0168
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 13
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Forest regeneration
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Arid regions
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Forest management
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Forest thinning
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Spatial arrangement
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pine
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Coniferous forests
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: China
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Northwest China
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Spatial distance and density effects on the regeneration patterns of coniferous forest in the Arid Mountains, Northwest China.
        Type: main
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            NameFull: Wang, Guangping
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            NameFull: Yu, Jian
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            NameFull: Liu, Chao
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            NameFull: Xu, Xuelei
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            NameFull: Yang, Junlong
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            NameFull: Li, Xiaowei
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            – D: 25
              M: 03
              Text: 3/25/2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 00455067
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