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Beyond Local Footprints: Disentangling Large‐Scale Redistribution and Local Abundance Responses to Offshore Wind Farms.

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Title: Beyond Local Footprints: Disentangling Large‐Scale Redistribution and Local Abundance Responses to Offshore Wind Farms.
Authors: Mercker, Moritz1,2 (AUTHOR) mmercker@bionum.de, Peschko, Verena3,4 (AUTHOR), Borkenhagen, Kai4 (AUTHOR), Markones, Nele4 (AUTHOR), Schwemmer, Henriette4 (AUTHOR), Dierschke, Volker4 (AUTHOR), Garthe, Stefan3 (AUTHOR)
Source: Ecology & Evolution (20457758). Mar2026, Vol. 16 Issue 3, p1-19. 19p.
Subject Terms: *Offshore wind power plants, *Anthropogenic effects on nature, *Ocean zoning, *Environmental indicators, *Species distribution, *Sea birds, Animal dispersal, Regression analysis
Geographic Terms: North Sea
Abstract: A differentiated understanding of how regional human activities affect the spatial distribution and abundance of animals is of great ecological importance. However, estimating these effects from empirical data is challenging, as human activities influence animals in different ways and on various spatial and temporal scales. Additionally, spatio‐temporal animal abundance is often shaped by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, which can confound impact assessments. To separate these influences, we combined regression and mechanistic modelling. First, we used partial differential equations to simulate potential animal redistribution patterns driven by regional human activities. These patterns were then incorporated as predictors into regression‐based species distribution models, alongside other anthropogenic and environmental covariates. This allowed us to estimate and predict human‐induced changes by jointly accounting for pressure‐driven large‐scale redistribution and local changes in expected abundance, while controlling for additional environmental influences. We applied this approach to assess the impact of offshore wind farms (OWF) on common murres (Uria aalge) in the German North Sea during autumn. OWF constructed by 2019 reduced common murre numbers within German waters by 18.3%. If the planned OWF priority and reservation areas outlined in the German Marine Spatial Plan are implemented, the predicted net reduction within German waters would increase to 77.7%. Importantly, these predictions do not account for additional anthropogenic activities or OWF expansion in surrounding waters, which could further affect common murre abundance beyond the scenarios considered here. By comparing predicted animal numbers and distributions under hypothetical scenarios with and without specific human pressures, our method enables the quantification and prediction of human‐induced effects on regional trends and large‐scale redistribution. The framework provides a transparent way to disentangle large‐scale redistribution and cumulative effects from local responses in spatially bounded management areas, supporting impact assessments under ongoing expansion of offshore renewables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Ecology & Evolution (20457758) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Beyond Local Footprints: Disentangling Large‐Scale Redistribution and Local Abundance Responses to Offshore Wind Farms.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mercker%2C+Moritz%22">Mercker, Moritz</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> mmercker@bionum.de</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Peschko%2C+Verena%22">Peschko, Verena</searchLink><relatesTo>3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Borkenhagen%2C+Kai%22">Borkenhagen, Kai</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Markones%2C+Nele%22">Markones, Nele</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Schwemmer%2C+Henriette%22">Schwemmer, Henriette</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dierschke%2C+Volker%22">Dierschke, Volker</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Garthe%2C+Stefan%22">Garthe, Stefan</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Ecology+%26+Evolution+%2820457758%29%22">Ecology & Evolution (20457758)</searchLink>. Mar2026, Vol. 16 Issue 3, p1-19. 19p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Offshore+wind+power+plants%22">Offshore wind power plants</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Anthropogenic+effects+on+nature%22">Anthropogenic effects on nature</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ocean+zoning%22">Ocean zoning</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Environmental+indicators%22">Environmental indicators</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Species+distribution%22">Species distribution</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sea+birds%22">Sea birds</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Animal+dispersal%22">Animal dispersal</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Regression+analysis%22">Regression analysis</searchLink>
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  Data: A differentiated understanding of how regional human activities affect the spatial distribution and abundance of animals is of great ecological importance. However, estimating these effects from empirical data is challenging, as human activities influence animals in different ways and on various spatial and temporal scales. Additionally, spatio‐temporal animal abundance is often shaped by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, which can confound impact assessments. To separate these influences, we combined regression and mechanistic modelling. First, we used partial differential equations to simulate potential animal redistribution patterns driven by regional human activities. These patterns were then incorporated as predictors into regression‐based species distribution models, alongside other anthropogenic and environmental covariates. This allowed us to estimate and predict human‐induced changes by jointly accounting for pressure‐driven large‐scale redistribution and local changes in expected abundance, while controlling for additional environmental influences. We applied this approach to assess the impact of offshore wind farms (OWF) on common murres (Uria aalge) in the German North Sea during autumn. OWF constructed by 2019 reduced common murre numbers within German waters by 18.3%. If the planned OWF priority and reservation areas outlined in the German Marine Spatial Plan are implemented, the predicted net reduction within German waters would increase to 77.7%. Importantly, these predictions do not account for additional anthropogenic activities or OWF expansion in surrounding waters, which could further affect common murre abundance beyond the scenarios considered here. By comparing predicted animal numbers and distributions under hypothetical scenarios with and without specific human pressures, our method enables the quantification and prediction of human‐induced effects on regional trends and large‐scale redistribution. The framework provides a transparent way to disentangle large‐scale redistribution and cumulative effects from local responses in spatially bounded management areas, supporting impact assessments under ongoing expansion of offshore renewables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Ecology & Evolution (20457758) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1002/ece3.73256
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 19
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      – SubjectFull: Offshore wind power plants
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Anthropogenic effects on nature
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ocean zoning
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      – SubjectFull: Environmental indicators
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      – SubjectFull: Species distribution
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      – SubjectFull: Sea birds
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      – SubjectFull: Animal dispersal
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      – SubjectFull: Regression analysis
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      – SubjectFull: North Sea
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      – TitleFull: Beyond Local Footprints: Disentangling Large‐Scale Redistribution and Local Abundance Responses to Offshore Wind Farms.
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              Text: Mar2026
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