Transit‐Time Scattering Effect of Chorus Subpackets on Radiation Belt Electrons: Analytical Approach and Test Particle Simulations.
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| Title: | Transit‐Time Scattering Effect of Chorus Subpackets on Radiation Belt Electrons: Analytical Approach and Test Particle Simulations. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Yu, Xiongdong1 (AUTHOR) yuxiongdong@whu.edu.cn, Yuan, Zhigang1 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Hancong1 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics. Mar2026, Vol. 131 Issue 3, p1-16. 16p. |
| Subject Terms: | Scattering (Physics), Electron diffusion, Particle motion |
| Abstract: | Chorus waves are considered to play a significant role in the local acceleration of seed electrons to populate the outer radiation belt via wave–particle interactions in either quasilinear or nonlinear ways; however, which mechanism predominates in electron motion remains under debate. In this study, we adopted an analytical approach to investigate the transit‐time scattering of radiation belt electrons influenced by chorus waves containing subpackets. The analysis revealed that even for a coherent chorus wave, radiation belt electrons experience random diffusion when subpackets are present, a phenomenon verified as resonant diffusion. Our theoretical predictions were supported by test‐particle simulations. Finally, we discuss how the spatial scale and amplitude of chorus subpackets affect the final behavior of energetic electrons and elucidate the underlying physical processes. These results provide insights for assessing the contribution of chorus waves to the dynamic evolution of radiation belt electrons. Plain Language Summary: Transit‐time effects frequently arise when wave amplitudes change considerably in a single wave period. Early studies proposed that chirping elements presented the atomic structure of chorus waves; however, in situ burst‐mode satellite observations have shown that these chirping elements consist of dozens or even more subpackets. Many chorus subpackets contain only a few wave periods, indicating their potential transit‐time effect on particles. In this study, we analytically estimated the transit‐time scattering caused by chorus subpackets on radiation belt electrons; our findings were confirmed through test particle simulations. Results show that, due to their finite envelope, chorus subpackets with a coherent carrier induce scattering effects rather than nonlinear interactions on radiation belt electrons. We also examined how two primary factors, the amplitude and width of chorus subpackets, influence these outcomes. Key Points: Transit‐time scattering of chorus subpackets on energetic electrons has been investigated via an analytical approachOur analytical results show that chorus subpackets cause diffusion of energetic electrons, as verified by test particle simulationAmplitude and spatial scale are two primary factors influencing the impact of chorus subpackets on the energetic electrons [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
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| Header | DbId: 8gh DbLabel: GreenFILE An: 192597401 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Transit‐Time Scattering Effect of Chorus Subpackets on Radiation Belt Electrons: Analytical Approach and Test Particle Simulations. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yu%2C+Xiongdong%22">Yu, Xiongdong</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> yuxiongdong@whu.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yuan%2C+Zhigang%22">Yuan, Zhigang</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Hancong%22">Zhang, Hancong</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Geophysical+Research%2E+Space+Physics%22">Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics</searchLink>. Mar2026, Vol. 131 Issue 3, p1-16. 16p. – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Scattering+%28Physics%29%22">Scattering (Physics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electron+diffusion%22">Electron diffusion</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Particle+motion%22">Particle motion</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Chorus waves are considered to play a significant role in the local acceleration of seed electrons to populate the outer radiation belt via wave–particle interactions in either quasilinear or nonlinear ways; however, which mechanism predominates in electron motion remains under debate. In this study, we adopted an analytical approach to investigate the transit‐time scattering of radiation belt electrons influenced by chorus waves containing subpackets. The analysis revealed that even for a coherent chorus wave, radiation belt electrons experience random diffusion when subpackets are present, a phenomenon verified as resonant diffusion. Our theoretical predictions were supported by test‐particle simulations. Finally, we discuss how the spatial scale and amplitude of chorus subpackets affect the final behavior of energetic electrons and elucidate the underlying physical processes. These results provide insights for assessing the contribution of chorus waves to the dynamic evolution of radiation belt electrons. Plain Language Summary: Transit‐time effects frequently arise when wave amplitudes change considerably in a single wave period. Early studies proposed that chirping elements presented the atomic structure of chorus waves; however, in situ burst‐mode satellite observations have shown that these chirping elements consist of dozens or even more subpackets. Many chorus subpackets contain only a few wave periods, indicating their potential transit‐time effect on particles. In this study, we analytically estimated the transit‐time scattering caused by chorus subpackets on radiation belt electrons; our findings were confirmed through test particle simulations. Results show that, due to their finite envelope, chorus subpackets with a coherent carrier induce scattering effects rather than nonlinear interactions on radiation belt electrons. We also examined how two primary factors, the amplitude and width of chorus subpackets, influence these outcomes. Key Points: Transit‐time scattering of chorus subpackets on energetic electrons has been investigated via an analytical approachOur analytical results show that chorus subpackets cause diffusion of energetic electrons, as verified by test particle simulationAmplitude and spatial scale are two primary factors influencing the impact of chorus subpackets on the energetic electrons [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1029/2026JA035132 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 16 StartPage: 1 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Scattering (Physics) Type: general – SubjectFull: Electron diffusion Type: general – SubjectFull: Particle motion Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Transit‐Time Scattering Effect of Chorus Subpackets on Radiation Belt Electrons: Analytical Approach and Test Particle Simulations. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Yu, Xiongdong – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Yuan, Zhigang – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Zhang, Hancong IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 03 Text: Mar2026 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 21699380 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 131 – Type: issue Value: 3 Titles: – TitleFull: Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics Type: main |
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