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CrownPrint: a crown-profile approach to quantifying canopy structure.

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Title: CrownPrint: a crown-profile approach to quantifying canopy structure.
Authors: Premer, Mike1,2 (AUTHOR) michael.premer@maine.edu
Source: Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 4/27/2026, Vol. 56, p1-14. 14p.
Subject Terms: *Plant canopies, *Tree growth, *Forest management, Forest measurement, Mathematical models, Coniferous forests
Abstract: Stand development processes are characterized by variation in vertical foliage distribution. Early differences in growth, or mortality/disturbance induced gaps, can result in a layering, or stratification, pattern of leaf area. Despite widespread acceptance that these processes occur, numerous methods exist to define, conceptualize, and quantify the forest canopy, suggesting standardized approaches are needed, especially given increased emphasis on managing forest structural attributes. The objective of this work was to test a simple framework for quantifying vertical foliage distribution through integrating allometric models and common stand inventory measurements. Canopy space is defined as the vertical foliage between the tallest tree and lowest live crown at the plot level. Individual tree crowns are tallied across profile space and summed by species, and corresponding frequency distributions are estimated with a beta function. Application of the method to managed conifer forests of Maine and Washington, USA, as case studies demonstrate that the approach can be used to quantify differences in vertical canopy distribution and occupancy by species. These trends further vary with common silvicultural practices, soil nutrients, and topography, yet rely on tree allometry. More work is needed to test sensitivity of the approach to variations in base equations and forest types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Forest Research is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: GreenFILE
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  Availability: 0
Header DbId: 8gh
DbLabel: GreenFILE
An: 193262294
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
IllustrationInfo
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  Data: CrownPrint: a crown-profile approach to quantifying canopy structure.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Premer%2C+Mike%22">Premer, Mike</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> michael.premer@maine.edu</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Canadian+Journal+of+Forest+Research%22">Canadian Journal of Forest Research</searchLink>. 4/27/2026, Vol. 56, p1-14. 14p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Plant+canopies%22">Plant canopies</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tree+growth%22">Tree growth</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Forest+management%22">Forest management</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Forest+measurement%22">Forest measurement</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mathematical+models%22">Mathematical models</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Coniferous+forests%22">Coniferous forests</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Stand development processes are characterized by variation in vertical foliage distribution. Early differences in growth, or mortality/disturbance induced gaps, can result in a layering, or stratification, pattern of leaf area. Despite widespread acceptance that these processes occur, numerous methods exist to define, conceptualize, and quantify the forest canopy, suggesting standardized approaches are needed, especially given increased emphasis on managing forest structural attributes. The objective of this work was to test a simple framework for quantifying vertical foliage distribution through integrating allometric models and common stand inventory measurements. Canopy space is defined as the vertical foliage between the tallest tree and lowest live crown at the plot level. Individual tree crowns are tallied across profile space and summed by species, and corresponding frequency distributions are estimated with a beta function. Application of the method to managed conifer forests of Maine and Washington, USA, as case studies demonstrate that the approach can be used to quantify differences in vertical canopy distribution and occupancy by species. These trends further vary with common silvicultural practices, soil nutrients, and topography, yet rely on tree allometry. More work is needed to test sensitivity of the approach to variations in base equations and forest types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Canadian Journal of Forest Research is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1139/cjfr-2025-0239
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 14
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Plant canopies
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Tree growth
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Forest management
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Forest measurement
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mathematical models
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Coniferous forests
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: CrownPrint: a crown-profile approach to quantifying canopy structure.
        Type: main
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            NameFull: Premer, Mike
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          Dates:
            – D: 27
              M: 04
              Text: 4/27/2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 00455067
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            – Type: volume
              Value: 56
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Canadian Journal of Forest Research
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