Juno Observations of Large‐Scale Azimuthal Fields and Flows in Jupiter's Nightside Magnetosphere: Field‐Aligned Currents, Effective Ionospheric Pedersen Conductivity, and Power to Atmospheric Heating.
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| Title: | Juno Observations of Large‐Scale Azimuthal Fields and Flows in Jupiter's Nightside Magnetosphere: Field‐Aligned Currents, Effective Ionospheric Pedersen Conductivity, and Power to Atmospheric Heating. |
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| Authors: | Provan, G.1 (AUTHOR) gp31@leicester.ac.uk, Cowley, S. W. H.1 (AUTHOR), Nichols, J. D.1 (AUTHOR), Wang, J.‐Z.2 (AUTHOR), Wilson, R. J.2 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics. Apr2026, Vol. 131 Issue 4, p1-28. 28p. |
| Subject Terms: | Electric currents, Juno (Space probe), Magnetosphere, Magnetic fields, Thermosphere, Magnetospheric physics |
| Abstract: | Using the methodology of Cowley et al. (https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JA033993), we employ ∼8 years of Juno azimuthal magnetic field data to derive colatitude profiles of Jupiter's nightside (17‐05 hr via midnight) ionospheric equatorward Pedersen current from near the magnetic pole to inner magnetosphere field lines at 18° colatitude, from which we quantify large‐scale field‐aligned currents on spatial scales ∼1°. Polar‐tail Pedersen currents are ∼1–2 MA per radian of azimuth, with regions of downward and upward currents of order tens nA m−2. Stronger downward currents ∼50–200 nA m−2 flow in an outer magnetosphere layer that is wider at dusk (∼7°) than at dawn (∼2°), with peak Pedersen currents near the outer/middle magnetosphere boundary reaching ∼12 MA rad−1 at dusk falling to ∼2.5 MA rad−1 at dawn. Upward currents of order hundreds of nA m−2 flow on middle magnetosphere field lines across which the Pedersen current falls to small values. The Pedersen currents are also combined with Juno/JADE‐I plasma angular velocity measurements to determine Jupiter's effective ionospheric height‐integrated Pedersen conductivity, together with the power input to thermospheric heating. Outer magnetosphere effective conductivities are ∼0.4 mho at dusk, falling to ∼0.25 mho at midnight, and ∼0.1 mho pre‐dawn. No significant increase in conductivity is found in the middle magnetosphere region of strong upward current, suggesting that thermospheric winds closely track the plasma velocity in this region. Latitude‐integrated powers show a similar dusk‐dawn asymmetry, with a total nightside power per hemisphere of ∼370 TW, of which ∼55% is input to thermospheric heating and 45% to the magnetospheric plasma. Key Points: We use 8 years of Juno magnetic and plasma velocity data to infer Jovian nightside ionospheric currents, conductivity, and power dissipationOuter magnetosphere effective conductivities are 0.4 mho at dusk falling to 0.1 mho pre‐dawn, with no middle magnetosphere enhancementTotal nightside current system power per hemisphere is ∼370 TW with 55% input to thermospheric heating and 45% to the magnetospheric plasma [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
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| FullText | Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: 8gh DbLabel: GreenFILE An: 193321916 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Juno Observations of Large‐Scale Azimuthal Fields and Flows in Jupiter's Nightside Magnetosphere: Field‐Aligned Currents, Effective Ionospheric Pedersen Conductivity, and Power to Atmospheric Heating. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Provan%2C+G%2E%22">Provan, G.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> gp31@leicester.ac.uk</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cowley%2C+S%2E+W%2E+H%2E%22">Cowley, S. W. H.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nichols%2C+J%2E+D%2E%22">Nichols, J. D.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+J%2E‐Z%2E%22">Wang, J.‐Z.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wilson%2C+R%2E+J%2E%22">Wilson, R. J.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Geophysical+Research%2E+Space+Physics%22">Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics</searchLink>. Apr2026, Vol. 131 Issue 4, p1-28. 28p. – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+currents%22">Electric currents</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Juno+%28Space+probe%29%22">Juno (Space probe)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetosphere%22">Magnetosphere</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetic+fields%22">Magnetic fields</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermosphere%22">Thermosphere</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetospheric+physics%22">Magnetospheric physics</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Using the methodology of Cowley et al. (https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JA033993), we employ ∼8 years of Juno azimuthal magnetic field data to derive colatitude profiles of Jupiter's nightside (17‐05 hr via midnight) ionospheric equatorward Pedersen current from near the magnetic pole to inner magnetosphere field lines at 18° colatitude, from which we quantify large‐scale field‐aligned currents on spatial scales ∼1°. Polar‐tail Pedersen currents are ∼1–2 MA per radian of azimuth, with regions of downward and upward currents of order tens nA m−2. Stronger downward currents ∼50–200 nA m−2 flow in an outer magnetosphere layer that is wider at dusk (∼7°) than at dawn (∼2°), with peak Pedersen currents near the outer/middle magnetosphere boundary reaching ∼12 MA rad−1 at dusk falling to ∼2.5 MA rad−1 at dawn. Upward currents of order hundreds of nA m−2 flow on middle magnetosphere field lines across which the Pedersen current falls to small values. The Pedersen currents are also combined with Juno/JADE‐I plasma angular velocity measurements to determine Jupiter's effective ionospheric height‐integrated Pedersen conductivity, together with the power input to thermospheric heating. Outer magnetosphere effective conductivities are ∼0.4 mho at dusk, falling to ∼0.25 mho at midnight, and ∼0.1 mho pre‐dawn. No significant increase in conductivity is found in the middle magnetosphere region of strong upward current, suggesting that thermospheric winds closely track the plasma velocity in this region. Latitude‐integrated powers show a similar dusk‐dawn asymmetry, with a total nightside power per hemisphere of ∼370 TW, of which ∼55% is input to thermospheric heating and 45% to the magnetospheric plasma. Key Points: We use 8 years of Juno magnetic and plasma velocity data to infer Jovian nightside ionospheric currents, conductivity, and power dissipationOuter magnetosphere effective conductivities are 0.4 mho at dusk falling to 0.1 mho pre‐dawn, with no middle magnetosphere enhancementTotal nightside current system power per hemisphere is ∼370 TW with 55% input to thermospheric heating and 45% to the magnetospheric plasma [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1029/2025JA034937 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 28 StartPage: 1 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Electric currents Type: general – SubjectFull: Juno (Space probe) Type: general – SubjectFull: Magnetosphere Type: general – SubjectFull: Magnetic fields Type: general – SubjectFull: Thermosphere Type: general – SubjectFull: Magnetospheric physics Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Juno Observations of Large‐Scale Azimuthal Fields and Flows in Jupiter's Nightside Magnetosphere: Field‐Aligned Currents, Effective Ionospheric Pedersen Conductivity, and Power to Atmospheric Heating. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Provan, G. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Cowley, S. W. H. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Nichols, J. D. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Wang, J.‐Z. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Wilson, R. J. IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 04 Text: Apr2026 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 21699380 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 131 – Type: issue Value: 4 Titles: – TitleFull: Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics Type: main |
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