Timing, uncertainty, and opportunity cost: Lessons for ecosystem modification on the Colorado River.

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Title: Timing, uncertainty, and opportunity cost: Lessons for ecosystem modification on the Colorado River.
Authors: Donovan, Pierce1 (AUTHOR) pierce.donovan@unr.edu, Bair, Lucas S.2 (AUTHOR), Reimer, Matthew N.3 (AUTHOR), Springborn, Michael R.4 (AUTHOR), Yackulic, Charles B.2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Environmental Economics & Management. Jun2026, Vol. 138, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subject Terms: *Ecological engineering, *Watersheds, *Environmental protection, Opportunity costs, Uncertainty (Information theory), Acquisition of data, Population viability analysis
Geographic Terms: Colorado River (Colo.-Mexico)
Abstract: While conservation goals have long been pursued through traditional species-augmenting actions, a broader set of episodic ecosystem modification (EEM) actions, such as hydropower dam releases, prescribed fire, and beach nourishment, is garnering attention. EEM actions face several implementation challenges stemming from high opportunity costs, delayed effect mechanisms, reliance on monitoring for deployment timing, and outcome uncertainty due to infrequent use. In this paper, we study the use of EEM actions in the form of designer flows—ecologically-motivated releases of water into regulated river segments—to maintain a viable population of a threatened native fish species in the Colorado River. We demonstrate how the cost-effectiveness of EEM actions can be hampered by the complex and delayed effects on species viability, but enhanced through targeted monitoring for timing deployment and experimentation for reducing uncertainty about effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Environmental Economics & Management is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Timing, uncertainty, and opportunity cost: Lessons for ecosystem modification on the Colorado River.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Donovan%2C+Pierce%22">Donovan, Pierce</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> pierce.donovan@unr.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bair%2C+Lucas+S%2E%22">Bair, Lucas S.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Reimer%2C+Matthew+N%2E%22">Reimer, Matthew N.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Springborn%2C+Michael+R%2E%22">Springborn, Michael R.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yackulic%2C+Charles+B%2E%22">Yackulic, Charles B.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Environmental+Economics+%26+Management%22">Journal of Environmental Economics & Management</searchLink>. Jun2026, Vol. 138, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
– Name: Subject
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ecological+engineering%22">Ecological engineering</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Watersheds%22">Watersheds</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Environmental+protection%22">Environmental protection</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Opportunity+costs%22">Opportunity costs</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Uncertainty+%28Information+theory%29%22">Uncertainty (Information theory)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Acquisition+of+data%22">Acquisition of data</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Population+viability+analysis%22">Population viability analysis</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Colorado+River+%28Colo%2E-Mexico%29%22">Colorado River (Colo.-Mexico)</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: While conservation goals have long been pursued through traditional species-augmenting actions, a broader set of episodic ecosystem modification (EEM) actions, such as hydropower dam releases, prescribed fire, and beach nourishment, is garnering attention. EEM actions face several implementation challenges stemming from high opportunity costs, delayed effect mechanisms, reliance on monitoring for deployment timing, and outcome uncertainty due to infrequent use. In this paper, we study the use of EEM actions in the form of designer flows—ecologically-motivated releases of water into regulated river segments—to maintain a viable population of a threatened native fish species in the Colorado River. We demonstrate how the cost-effectiveness of EEM actions can be hampered by the complex and delayed effects on species viability, but enhanced through targeted monitoring for timing deployment and experimentation for reducing uncertainty about effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Environmental Economics & Management is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.jeem.2026.103358
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 1
        StartPage: N.PAG
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Ecological engineering
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Watersheds
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Environmental protection
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Opportunity costs
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Uncertainty (Information theory)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Acquisition of data
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Population viability analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Colorado River (Colo.-Mexico)
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Timing, uncertainty, and opportunity cost: Lessons for ecosystem modification on the Colorado River.
        Type: main
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            NameFull: Donovan, Pierce
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            NameFull: Bair, Lucas S.
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            NameFull: Reimer, Matthew N.
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            NameFull: Springborn, Michael R.
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            NameFull: Yackulic, Charles B.
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            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 138
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            – TitleFull: Journal of Environmental Economics & Management
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