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The Role of Auroral Phenomena in the Dynamics of the Outer Radiation Belt During the 1 June 2013 Geomagnetic Storm.

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Title: The Role of Auroral Phenomena in the Dynamics of the Outer Radiation Belt During the 1 June 2013 Geomagnetic Storm.
Authors: Inostroza, A. M.1 (AUTHOR), Díaz Peña, J.2 (AUTHOR), Coello‐Guzmán, M.3,4 (AUTHOR), Stepanova, M.3,4 (AUTHOR) marina.stepanova@usach.cl, Pinto, V. A.3,4 (AUTHOR), Navarro, R. E.1 (AUTHOR), Espinoza, J. M.3 (AUTHOR), Kolomiytseva, E. A.5 (AUTHOR), Antonova, E. E.6,7 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics. May2026, Vol. 131 Issue 5, p1-19. 19p.
Subject Terms: *Magnetic storms, Auroras, Plasma pressure, Adiabatic processes, Radiation belts, Relativistic electron beams
Abstract: We investigate the role of plasma pressure and auroral phenomena in the acceleration of relativistic electrons in the outer radiation belt during the intense geomagnetic storm of 1 June 2013. Relativistic electron fluxes, measured by the Van Allen Probes showed a significant depletion during the main phase and a subsequent enhancement during the recovery phase. During the quiet time and the late recovery phase, the slopes of the electron spectra remain nearly unchanged for all L‐shells, indicating the predominance of adiabatic processes, in contrast with the main phase, during which significant changes in the slopes were observed. The maximum plasma pressure increased sharply during the main phase, followed by a rapid decrease during the early recovery phase, and a subsequent, more gradual decrease during the late recovery phase. Simultaneously, the position of the pressure maximum moved toward the Earth, reaching its nearest position at the end of the main phase. Multiple ground‐based data, including the IMAGE magnetometer network, global ionospheric potential maps, and incoherent scatter radars, as well as the AMPERE field‐aligned currents, and auroral energy fluxes from the Ovation Prime model, indicate a correlation between the variations of the outer radiation belt, plasma pressure, and the position and intensity of the auroral oval precipitations, supporting the crucial role of substorm injections in the rebuilding of the outer belt. We assume that the injected seed electron population is further adiabatically accelerated by the recovery of the geomagnetic field, which had been perturbed by an increase in plasma pressure. Plain Language Summary: Geomagnetic storms strongly affect the dynamics of the outer radiation belt formed by energetic electrons. We analyze the plasma pressure behavior in the inner magnetosphere during the 1 June 2013, geomagnetic storm using data from the Van Allen Probes mission. Depletion of the belt during the storm's main phase is accompanied by an increase in plasma pressure and a displacement of its maximum toward the Earth. Simultaneously, various data sources, including ionospheric currents, global ionospheric potential maps, incoherent scatter radars, field‐aligned currents, and modeled auroral energy fluxes, indicate a correlation between outer radiation belt variations and the position and intensity of auroral oval precipitations. This supports the crucial role of substorm injections in the rebuilding of the outer belt. The injected seed electron population is further adiabatically accelerated by the recovery of the geomagnetic field, which had been perturbed by an increase in plasma pressure. Key Points: During the storm, the plasma pressure maximum moves toward Earth, reaching its closest position at the end of its main phaseThe westward auroral electrojet, auroral oval's equatorial boundary, and geomagnetic substorm onsets all shift equatorward simultaneouslyAdiabatic processes linked to geomagnetic field changes restore energetic electron fluxes in the outer radiation belt [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: The Role of Auroral Phenomena in the Dynamics of the Outer Radiation Belt During the 1 June 2013 Geomagnetic Storm.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Inostroza%2C+A%2E+M%2E%22">Inostroza, A. M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Díaz+Peña%2C+J%2E%22">Díaz Peña, J.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Coello‐Guzmán%2C+M%2E%22">Coello‐Guzmán, M.</searchLink><relatesTo>3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Stepanova%2C+M%2E%22">Stepanova, M.</searchLink><relatesTo>3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> marina.stepanova@usach.cl</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pinto%2C+V%2E+A%2E%22">Pinto, V. A.</searchLink><relatesTo>3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Navarro%2C+R%2E+E%2E%22">Navarro, R. E.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Espinoza%2C+J%2E+M%2E%22">Espinoza, J. M.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kolomiytseva%2C+E%2E+A%2E%22">Kolomiytseva, E. A.</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Antonova%2C+E%2E+E%2E%22">Antonova, E. E.</searchLink><relatesTo>6,7</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Geophysical+Research%2E+Space+Physics%22">Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 131 Issue 5, p1-19. 19p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetic+storms%22">Magnetic storms</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Auroras%22">Auroras</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Plasma+pressure%22">Plasma pressure</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Adiabatic+processes%22">Adiabatic processes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Radiation+belts%22">Radiation belts</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Relativistic+electron+beams%22">Relativistic electron beams</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: We investigate the role of plasma pressure and auroral phenomena in the acceleration of relativistic electrons in the outer radiation belt during the intense geomagnetic storm of 1 June 2013. Relativistic electron fluxes, measured by the Van Allen Probes showed a significant depletion during the main phase and a subsequent enhancement during the recovery phase. During the quiet time and the late recovery phase, the slopes of the electron spectra remain nearly unchanged for all L‐shells, indicating the predominance of adiabatic processes, in contrast with the main phase, during which significant changes in the slopes were observed. The maximum plasma pressure increased sharply during the main phase, followed by a rapid decrease during the early recovery phase, and a subsequent, more gradual decrease during the late recovery phase. Simultaneously, the position of the pressure maximum moved toward the Earth, reaching its nearest position at the end of the main phase. Multiple ground‐based data, including the IMAGE magnetometer network, global ionospheric potential maps, and incoherent scatter radars, as well as the AMPERE field‐aligned currents, and auroral energy fluxes from the Ovation Prime model, indicate a correlation between the variations of the outer radiation belt, plasma pressure, and the position and intensity of the auroral oval precipitations, supporting the crucial role of substorm injections in the rebuilding of the outer belt. We assume that the injected seed electron population is further adiabatically accelerated by the recovery of the geomagnetic field, which had been perturbed by an increase in plasma pressure. Plain Language Summary: Geomagnetic storms strongly affect the dynamics of the outer radiation belt formed by energetic electrons. We analyze the plasma pressure behavior in the inner magnetosphere during the 1 June 2013, geomagnetic storm using data from the Van Allen Probes mission. Depletion of the belt during the storm's main phase is accompanied by an increase in plasma pressure and a displacement of its maximum toward the Earth. Simultaneously, various data sources, including ionospheric currents, global ionospheric potential maps, incoherent scatter radars, field‐aligned currents, and modeled auroral energy fluxes, indicate a correlation between outer radiation belt variations and the position and intensity of auroral oval precipitations. This supports the crucial role of substorm injections in the rebuilding of the outer belt. The injected seed electron population is further adiabatically accelerated by the recovery of the geomagnetic field, which had been perturbed by an increase in plasma pressure. Key Points: During the storm, the plasma pressure maximum moves toward Earth, reaching its closest position at the end of its main phaseThe westward auroral electrojet, auroral oval's equatorial boundary, and geomagnetic substorm onsets all shift equatorward simultaneouslyAdiabatic processes linked to geomagnetic field changes restore energetic electron fluxes in the outer radiation belt [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1029/2026JA035123
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 19
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      – SubjectFull: Magnetic storms
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Auroras
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      – SubjectFull: Plasma pressure
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      – SubjectFull: Adiabatic processes
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      – SubjectFull: Radiation belts
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      – SubjectFull: Relativistic electron beams
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      – TitleFull: The Role of Auroral Phenomena in the Dynamics of the Outer Radiation Belt During the 1 June 2013 Geomagnetic Storm.
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              Text: May2026
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