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2D to 3D: Exploring Variation of Niche Dimensionality Across Consumers in a Coastal Arctic Ecosystem and Implications on Interpretation.

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Title: 2D to 3D: Exploring Variation of Niche Dimensionality Across Consumers in a Coastal Arctic Ecosystem and Implications on Interpretation.
Authors: Carvalho, Paloma C.1 (AUTHOR) paloma.calabriacarvalho@dfo‐mpo.gc.ca, Johnson, Kelsey F.1 (AUTHOR), Elliott, Kyle H.2 (AUTHOR), Ferguson, Steven H.1,3 (AUTHOR), Fisk, Aaron T.4 (AUTHOR), Gilchrist, H. Grant5 (AUTHOR), Hedges, Kevin J.1 (AUTHOR), Love, Oliver P.4 (AUTHOR), Mundy, C. J.3 (AUTHOR), Niemi, Andrea1,3 (AUTHOR), Ogloff, Wesley R.4 (AUTHOR), Rosenberg, Bruno1 (AUTHOR), Watt, Cortney A.1,3 (AUTHOR), Yurkowski, David J.1,3 (AUTHOR)
Source: Ecology & Evolution (20457758). May2026, Vol. 16 Issue 5, p1-16. 16p.
Subject Terms: *Climate change, *Marine ecology, *Habitat partitioning (Ecology), *Aquatic habitats, *Ecological niche, Stable isotope analysis, Benthic ecology
Geographic Terms: Arctic regions
Abstract: Each species occupies a distinct ecological niche, defined by a specific set of environmental conditions and resource requirements necessary for its survival and reproduction. However, climate change is altering species distributions, predator–prey relationships, and resource partitioning between species, with these changes being pronounced in the Arctic. Stable isotope analysis of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) has been widely used to estimate isotopic niches and quantify niche overlap among species using a two‐dimensional approach (2D). However, δ13C is not always sufficient to differentiate habitat and resource use among species due to minimal variation between end‐members. Incorporating sulfur stable isotopes (δ34S) can enhance resolution in such cases. Using an Arctic coastal food web as a model system, we used a three‐dimensional isotopic niche approach (3D: δ13C–δ15N–δ34S) with 664 individuals across 49 species spanning multiple taxonomic groups (invertebrates, fish, seabirds, and marine mammals) that utilize resources from benthic and pelagic habitats. We compared the traditional 2D isotopic niches with a 3D framework using nicheROVER to assess how the addition of a third dimension changes niche size estimates and probability of niche overlap between species. We found that several benthic‐associated species, including the common eider (Somateria mollissima) and various benthic invertebrates, tended to show greater changes in isotopic niche size with the addition of δ34S than pelagic‐associated species. In addition, niche overlap among benthic‐associated taxa generally decreased with the 3D approach, suggesting better resolution of habitat use and resource partitioning. This reflects the greater ecological diversity, foraging specialization, and more complex food web structure characteristic of benthic than pelagic ecosystems. We recommend incorporating δ34S for aquatic studies that involve benthic habitats and emphasize the value of multidimensional approaches to increase the resolution of ecological niche analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Ecology & Evolution (20457758) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: 2D to 3D: Exploring Variation of Niche Dimensionality Across Consumers in a Coastal Arctic Ecosystem and Implications on Interpretation.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Carvalho%2C+Paloma+C%2E%22">Carvalho, Paloma C.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> paloma.calabriacarvalho@dfo‐mpo.gc.ca</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Johnson%2C+Kelsey+F%2E%22">Johnson, Kelsey F.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Elliott%2C+Kyle+H%2E%22">Elliott, Kyle H.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ferguson%2C+Steven+H%2E%22">Ferguson, Steven H.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fisk%2C+Aaron+T%2E%22">Fisk, Aaron T.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gilchrist%2C+H%2E+Grant%22">Gilchrist, H. Grant</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hedges%2C+Kevin+J%2E%22">Hedges, Kevin J.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Love%2C+Oliver+P%2E%22">Love, Oliver P.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mundy%2C+C%2E+J%2E%22">Mundy, C. J.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Niemi%2C+Andrea%22">Niemi, Andrea</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ogloff%2C+Wesley+R%2E%22">Ogloff, Wesley R.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rosenberg%2C+Bruno%22">Rosenberg, Bruno</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Watt%2C+Cortney+A%2E%22">Watt, Cortney A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yurkowski%2C+David+J%2E%22">Yurkowski, David J.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Ecology+%26+Evolution+%2820457758%29%22">Ecology & Evolution (20457758)</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 16 Issue 5, p1-16. 16p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Climate+change%22">Climate change</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Marine+ecology%22">Marine ecology</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Habitat+partitioning+%28Ecology%29%22">Habitat partitioning (Ecology)</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Aquatic+habitats%22">Aquatic habitats</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ecological+niche%22">Ecological niche</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Stable+isotope+analysis%22">Stable isotope analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Benthic+ecology%22">Benthic ecology</searchLink>
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  Label: Geographic Terms
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Arctic+regions%22">Arctic regions</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Each species occupies a distinct ecological niche, defined by a specific set of environmental conditions and resource requirements necessary for its survival and reproduction. However, climate change is altering species distributions, predator–prey relationships, and resource partitioning between species, with these changes being pronounced in the Arctic. Stable isotope analysis of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) has been widely used to estimate isotopic niches and quantify niche overlap among species using a two‐dimensional approach (2D). However, δ13C is not always sufficient to differentiate habitat and resource use among species due to minimal variation between end‐members. Incorporating sulfur stable isotopes (δ34S) can enhance resolution in such cases. Using an Arctic coastal food web as a model system, we used a three‐dimensional isotopic niche approach (3D: δ13C–δ15N–δ34S) with 664 individuals across 49 species spanning multiple taxonomic groups (invertebrates, fish, seabirds, and marine mammals) that utilize resources from benthic and pelagic habitats. We compared the traditional 2D isotopic niches with a 3D framework using nicheROVER to assess how the addition of a third dimension changes niche size estimates and probability of niche overlap between species. We found that several benthic‐associated species, including the common eider (Somateria mollissima) and various benthic invertebrates, tended to show greater changes in isotopic niche size with the addition of δ34S than pelagic‐associated species. In addition, niche overlap among benthic‐associated taxa generally decreased with the 3D approach, suggesting better resolution of habitat use and resource partitioning. This reflects the greater ecological diversity, foraging specialization, and more complex food web structure characteristic of benthic than pelagic ecosystems. We recommend incorporating δ34S for aquatic studies that involve benthic habitats and emphasize the value of multidimensional approaches to increase the resolution of ecological niche analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Ecology & Evolution (20457758) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1002/ece3.73671
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 16
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Climate change
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Marine ecology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Habitat partitioning (Ecology)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Aquatic habitats
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ecological niche
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Stable isotope analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Benthic ecology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Arctic regions
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: 2D to 3D: Exploring Variation of Niche Dimensionality Across Consumers in a Coastal Arctic Ecosystem and Implications on Interpretation.
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              M: 05
              Text: May2026
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