Evolution of solidified municipal sludge used as landfill cover material under wet–dry cycles: mechanical characteristics, microstructural, and seepage properties.
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| Title: | Evolution of solidified municipal sludge used as landfill cover material under wet–dry cycles: mechanical characteristics, microstructural, and seepage properties. |
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| Authors: | Liu, Yajun1,2 (AUTHOR), Lu, Haijun1,2 (AUTHOR) luhaijun111@163.com, Liu, Mengyi1,2 (AUTHOR), Dong, Yiqie2 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Environment, Development & Sustainability. Jul2026, Vol. 28 Issue 7, p17521-17536. 16p. |
| Subject Terms: | *Sewage sludge, *Industrial wastes, Landfill final covers, Mechanical behavior of materials, Rainfall simulators, Porosity, Hydraulic conductivity |
| Abstract: | This paper utilizes industrial wastes, including slag powder, desulfurized gypsum, fly ash, and construction waste, to solidify municipal sludge and develop a new type of landfill cover material. To investigate the durability of solidified sludge under wet–dry cycles, this study systematically analyzes its mechanical properties—such as volume shrinkage rate, unconfined compressive strength, and permeability coefficient—along with microstructural characteristics like pore structure, micro-morphology, and hydration products. In addition, the impermeability of the solidified sludge cover under varying rainfall conditions was assessed using rainfall simulation tests. After 20 wet–dry cycles, the solidified sludge samples exhibited volume shrinkage between 0.56% and 0.85%, unconfined compressive strength from 1.31 to 4.55 MPa, and permeability coefficients ranging from 9.51 × 10− 8 to 5.68 × 10− 7 cm/s. Portions of the gelatinous hydration products in the solidified sludge experienced discrete damage, leading to an increase in microporous volume. However, the overall structural integrity of the solidified sludge was maintained. The 3-layer landfill cover system was constructed using engineering soil, coarse construction waste aggregate, and solidified sludge and resisted strong precipitation. The 40 cm thick solidified sludge acted as an impermeable layer and yielded a good water-blocking effect. This study provides data support the application and technical advancement of solidified sludge as a landfill cover material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Environment, Development & Sustainability is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
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| Header | DbId: 8gh DbLabel: GreenFILE An: 194936995 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Evolution of solidified municipal sludge used as landfill cover material under wet–dry cycles: mechanical characteristics, microstructural, and seepage properties. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Yajun%22">Liu, Yajun</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lu%2C+Haijun%22">Lu, Haijun</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> luhaijun111@163.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Mengyi%22">Liu, Mengyi</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dong%2C+Yiqie%22">Dong, Yiqie</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Environment%2C+Development+%26+Sustainability%22">Environment, Development & Sustainability</searchLink>. Jul2026, Vol. 28 Issue 7, p17521-17536. 16p. – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sewage+sludge%22">Sewage sludge</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Industrial+wastes%22">Industrial wastes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Landfill+final+covers%22">Landfill final covers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mechanical+behavior+of+materials%22">Mechanical behavior of materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Rainfall+simulators%22">Rainfall simulators</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Porosity%22">Porosity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydraulic+conductivity%22">Hydraulic conductivity</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: This paper utilizes industrial wastes, including slag powder, desulfurized gypsum, fly ash, and construction waste, to solidify municipal sludge and develop a new type of landfill cover material. To investigate the durability of solidified sludge under wet–dry cycles, this study systematically analyzes its mechanical properties—such as volume shrinkage rate, unconfined compressive strength, and permeability coefficient—along with microstructural characteristics like pore structure, micro-morphology, and hydration products. In addition, the impermeability of the solidified sludge cover under varying rainfall conditions was assessed using rainfall simulation tests. After 20 wet–dry cycles, the solidified sludge samples exhibited volume shrinkage between 0.56% and 0.85%, unconfined compressive strength from 1.31 to 4.55 MPa, and permeability coefficients ranging from 9.51 × 10− 8 to 5.68 × 10− 7 cm/s. Portions of the gelatinous hydration products in the solidified sludge experienced discrete damage, leading to an increase in microporous volume. However, the overall structural integrity of the solidified sludge was maintained. The 3-layer landfill cover system was constructed using engineering soil, coarse construction waste aggregate, and solidified sludge and resisted strong precipitation. The 40 cm thick solidified sludge acted as an impermeable layer and yielded a good water-blocking effect. This study provides data support the application and technical advancement of solidified sludge as a landfill cover material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Environment, Development & Sustainability is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1007/s10668-024-05653-8 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 16 StartPage: 17521 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Sewage sludge Type: general – SubjectFull: Industrial wastes Type: general – SubjectFull: Landfill final covers Type: general – SubjectFull: Mechanical behavior of materials Type: general – SubjectFull: Rainfall simulators Type: general – SubjectFull: Porosity Type: general – SubjectFull: Hydraulic conductivity Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Evolution of solidified municipal sludge used as landfill cover material under wet–dry cycles: mechanical characteristics, microstructural, and seepage properties. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Liu, Yajun – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Lu, Haijun – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Liu, Mengyi – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Dong, Yiqie IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 07 Text: Jul2026 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 1387585X Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 28 – Type: issue Value: 7 Titles: – TitleFull: Environment, Development & Sustainability Type: main |
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