Assessing main and interactive effects of early silvicultural treatments and local competition on drought response in planted white spruce.

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Title: Assessing main and interactive effects of early silvicultural treatments and local competition on drought response in planted white spruce.
Authors: Smith, Jeneya1 (AUTHOR), D'Orangeville, Loïc2 (AUTHOR), Hoepting, Michael K.3 (AUTHOR), Thiffault, Nelson4 (AUTHOR) nelson.thiffault@nrcan-rncan.gc.ca
Source: Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 7/6/2026, Vol. 56, p1-13. 13p.
Subject Terms: *Fertilizer application, *Droughts, *Tree growth, *Forest management, *Climate change adaptation, White spruce, Competition (Biology)
Geographic Terms: Canada
Abstract (English): Climate-induced droughts pose growing risks to the resilience of planted forests. Early silvicultural treatments, including scarification and early fertilization, may enhance tree establishment and mitigate the impacts of drought on planted tree growth. However, the legacy effects of these treatments and their interaction with competition from ingrowth and other planted individuals on drought resilience remain poorly understood. We thus investigated how scarification and early fertilization influenced the drought responses of ∼19-year-old planted Picea glauca in a long-term silvicultural experiment in eastern Canada. Using tree-ring analysis, we quantified drought resistance, relative resilience, and recovery period following a drought in 2005. We also assessed tree-level competition using a modified Hegyi index. We observed significant main effects of the treatments: fertilization reduced relative resilience and scarification decreased drought resistance. Competition alone did not influence growth response to drought. Interactions with competition were observed but limited; fertilization increased resistance and shortened recovery periods under increasing competition, while scarification effects were independent from competition levels. Results suggest that early silvicultural treatments can have lasting effects on tree growth response to drought. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of how to design adaptive silviculture strategies for maintaining plantation resilience in the face of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Abstract (French): Les sécheresses induites par le climat posent des risques croissants pour la résilience et la productivité des plantations. Les traitements sylvicoles en bas âge, tels que le scarifiage mécanique et la fertilisation, peuvent favoriser l'établissement des arbres et atténuer les effets de la sécheresse sur leur croissance. Toutefois, les effets à long terme de ces traitements, ainsi que leurs interactions avec la compétition provenant de la régénération naturelle ou d'autres plants, demeurent mal compris. Nous avons donc examiné comment le scarifiage et la fertilisation initiale influençaient les réponses à la sécheresse d'épinette blanche (Picea glauca) plantées, âgées ∼ 19 ans, dans le cadre d'une expérience sylvicole à long terme menée dans l'est du Canada. À l'aide de l'analyse de cernes de croissance, nous avons quantifié la résistance à la sécheresse, la résilience relative et la période de récupération suivant un épisode de sécheresse survenu en 2005. Nous avons également évalué la compétition à l'échelle de l'arbre à l'aide d'un indice de Hegyi modifié. Nous avons observé des effets principaux significatifs des traitements sylvicoles : la fertilisation a réduit la résilience relative, tandis que le scarifiage a diminué la résistance à la sécheresse. La compétition seule n'a pas influencé la réponse de croissance à la sécheresse. Des interactions limitées avec la compétition ont toutefois été observées : la fertilisation a accru la résistance et raccourci la période de récupération en présence d'une compétition croissante, tandis que les effets du scarifiage étaient indépendants du niveau de compétition. Nos résultats suggèrent que les traitements sylvicoles en bas âge peuvent avoir des effets durables sur la réponse de croissance des arbres à la sécheresse. Ces résultats contribuent à améliorer la compréhension des stratégies de sylviculture d'adaptation visant à maintenir la résilience des plantations face aux changements climatiques. [Ceci est une traduction fournie par l'auteur du résumé en anglais.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Abstract:Climate-induced droughts pose growing risks to the resilience of planted forests. Early silvicultural treatments, including scarification and early fertilization, may enhance tree establishment and mitigate the impacts of drought on planted tree growth. However, the legacy effects of these treatments and their interaction with competition from ingrowth and other planted individuals on drought resilience remain poorly understood. We thus investigated how scarification and early fertilization influenced the drought responses of ∼19-year-old planted Picea glauca in a long-term silvicultural experiment in eastern Canada. Using tree-ring analysis, we quantified drought resistance, relative resilience, and recovery period following a drought in 2005. We also assessed tree-level competition using a modified Hegyi index. We observed significant main effects of the treatments: fertilization reduced relative resilience and scarification decreased drought resistance. Competition alone did not influence growth response to drought. Interactions with competition were observed but limited; fertilization increased resistance and shortened recovery periods under increasing competition, while scarification effects were independent from competition levels. Results suggest that early silvicultural treatments can have lasting effects on tree growth response to drought. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of how to design adaptive silviculture strategies for maintaining plantation resilience in the face of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:00455067
DOI:10.1139/cjfr-2026-0002