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Investigating the fate and transport behavior of pesticides in air via bioindicator plants and bulk deposition samplers in southeastern Germany.

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Title: Investigating the fate and transport behavior of pesticides in air via bioindicator plants and bulk deposition samplers in southeastern Germany.
Authors: Pompe, Frank1 (AUTHOR), Reitz, Marco U1,2 (AUTHOR), Brumhard, Björn2 (AUTHOR), Waeber, Monica3 (AUTHOR), Mendez Gutierrez, Annelle A4 (AUTHOR), Köhler, Jutta5 (AUTHOR), Kunkel, Uwe6 (AUTHOR), Gehring, Klaus7 (AUTHOR), Scheithauer, Markus8 (AUTHOR), Johnson, David9 (AUTHOR) Dave.Johnson@Syngenta.com
Source: Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry. Jun2026, Vol. 45 Issue 6, p1389-1407. 19p.
Subject Terms: *Pesticides, *Spray droplet drift, *Pollutants, *Plant protection, *Environmental sampling, *Pesticide pollution, Plant indicators
Geographic Terms: Germany, Bavaria (Germany)
Abstract: Plant protection products (PPP) help growers minimize crop losses from pests. For their authorization in Europe, environmental fate and behavior must characterized, including possible transport via air, to assess the risk of potential impacts. Recent interest in airborne PPPs has significantly increased but there is a lack of standardization in measurements, and distinction between long-range transport and local off-target movement is often unclear in publications. In the present study, substance-deposition measurements from two bioindicator plants and bulk-deposition samplers, located at different sites in Bavaria, were used to elucidate aspects of different transport mechanisms. Bulk-deposition data, measured at an agricultural and a background site (≥3 km away from agricultural land) showed frequent pesticide detections. However, detection frequencies and measured concentrations in these samples (i.e., precipitation) were significantly lower at the background site compared with the agricultural site. At the background site, the highest measured deposition of a PPP substance corresponded to 0.007% of its maximum registered field-application rate. At the agricultural site, the highest measured deposition was attributed to local spray drift and represented 0.5% of the maximum field-application rate. Bioindicator plants showed that deposition was predominantly influenced by local agriculture, reflecting the extent of land use for the cultivation of different crops and, hence, the likely magnitude of local pesticide spraying. Observed peak depositions to bulk and bioindicator sampling systems corresponded in time with PPP application to crop fields. There was no clear correlation between the bulk- and bioindicator-plant deposition data sets. When investigating pesticide transport via air, special attention should therefore be placed in the selection of the measurement matrices and methodology to address specific research questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Investigating the fate and transport behavior of pesticides in air via bioindicator plants and bulk deposition samplers in southeastern Germany.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pompe%2C+Frank%22">Pompe, Frank</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Reitz%2C+Marco+U%22">Reitz, Marco U</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Brumhard%2C+Björn%22">Brumhard, Björn</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Waeber%2C+Monica%22">Waeber, Monica</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mendez+Gutierrez%2C+Annelle+A%22">Mendez Gutierrez, Annelle A</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Köhler%2C+Jutta%22">Köhler, Jutta</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kunkel%2C+Uwe%22">Kunkel, Uwe</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gehring%2C+Klaus%22">Gehring, Klaus</searchLink><relatesTo>7</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Scheithauer%2C+Markus%22">Scheithauer, Markus</searchLink><relatesTo>8</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Johnson%2C+David%22">Johnson, David</searchLink><relatesTo>9</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> Dave.Johnson@Syngenta.com</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Environmental+Toxicology+%26+Chemistry%22">Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry</searchLink>. Jun2026, Vol. 45 Issue 6, p1389-1407. 19p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pesticides%22">Pesticides</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Spray+droplet+drift%22">Spray droplet drift</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pollutants%22">Pollutants</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Plant+protection%22">Plant protection</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Environmental+sampling%22">Environmental sampling</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pesticide+pollution%22">Pesticide pollution</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Plant+indicators%22">Plant indicators</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Germany%22">Germany</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Bavaria+%28Germany%29%22">Bavaria (Germany)</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Plant protection products (PPP) help growers minimize crop losses from pests. For their authorization in Europe, environmental fate and behavior must characterized, including possible transport via air, to assess the risk of potential impacts. Recent interest in airborne PPPs has significantly increased but there is a lack of standardization in measurements, and distinction between long-range transport and local off-target movement is often unclear in publications. In the present study, substance-deposition measurements from two bioindicator plants and bulk-deposition samplers, located at different sites in Bavaria, were used to elucidate aspects of different transport mechanisms. Bulk-deposition data, measured at an agricultural and a background site (≥3 km away from agricultural land) showed frequent pesticide detections. However, detection frequencies and measured concentrations in these samples (i.e., precipitation) were significantly lower at the background site compared with the agricultural site. At the background site, the highest measured deposition of a PPP substance corresponded to 0.007% of its maximum registered field-application rate. At the agricultural site, the highest measured deposition was attributed to local spray drift and represented 0.5% of the maximum field-application rate. Bioindicator plants showed that deposition was predominantly influenced by local agriculture, reflecting the extent of land use for the cultivation of different crops and, hence, the likely magnitude of local pesticide spraying. Observed peak depositions to bulk and bioindicator sampling systems corresponded in time with PPP application to crop fields. There was no clear correlation between the bulk- and bioindicator-plant deposition data sets. When investigating pesticide transport via air, special attention should therefore be placed in the selection of the measurement matrices and methodology to address specific research questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1093/etojnl/vgag052
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 19
        StartPage: 1389
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Pesticides
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Spray droplet drift
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pollutants
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Plant protection
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Environmental sampling
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pesticide pollution
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Plant indicators
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Germany
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Bavaria (Germany)
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Investigating the fate and transport behavior of pesticides in air via bioindicator plants and bulk deposition samplers in southeastern Germany.
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            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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