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Soybean Molasses as a Feedstock for Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) Production by Mixed Microbial Cultures: Effects of the Organic Loading Rate.

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Title: Soybean Molasses as a Feedstock for Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) Production by Mixed Microbial Cultures: Effects of the Organic Loading Rate.
Authors: Barroso, Andressa Gomes1 (AUTHOR) andressagb@usp.br, Augusto, Isabela Mehi Gaspari2 (AUTHOR), Rodrigues, José Alberto Domingues3 (AUTHOR), Oliveira, Guilherme Henrique Duarte1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Polymers & the Environment. Aug2026, Vol. 34 Issue 8, p1-14. 14p.
Subject Terms: Polyhydroxyalkanoates, Molasses, Biopolymers, Fermentation, Mixed culture (Microbiology), Poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate, Batch reactors
Abstract: Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are fully biodegradable polyesters synthesized by microorganisms from renewable carbon sources, including agro-industrial residues. Soy molasses, a carbohydrate-rich by-product of soybean processing, can be fermented to produce organic acids suitable for PHA production. The established process to produce PHA using mixed microbial cultures (MMC) comprises three stages: acidogenic fermentation, microbial enrichment and PHA accumulation. This study investigated PHA production by MMC through the application of different organic loading rates (OLR) in the enrichment stage in a sequential batch reactor (SBR). The nominal OLR values applied were 2.0, 3.5 and 7.0 kg COD m⁻³ d⁻¹. Among the evaluated conditions, the best measured OLR for selecting PHA-producing MMC was 6.78 ± 0.37 kg COD m⁻³ d⁻¹, based on stability in the enrichment reactor (F/F, 0.15 ± 0.06) and maximum volumetric PHA productivity (0.15 g PHA L⁻¹ h⁻¹) in the accumulation assay. Biomass from the best conditions was also evaluated in an accumulation stage with acidified soy molasses fortified with its main organic acids (lactic, valeric, acetic, and butyric), at a concentration of 79 kg COD m− 3. When using fortified molasses as a substrate, productivity increased to 0.38 g PHA L⁻¹ h⁻¹, with a yield of 0.48 g COD−PHA g COD−dosed⁻¹ (soluble COD), demonstrating a positive effect of high substrate concentration on accumulation performance. The biopolymer produced was a PHBV copolymer, with proportions of 3-hydroxybutyrate (HB) to 3-hydroxyvalerate (HV) ranging from 82:18 to 88:12 (mass basis) under non-fortified conditions, changing to 65:35 (mass basis) when fortified molasses was used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Polymers & the Environment is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Soybean Molasses as a Feedstock for Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) Production by Mixed Microbial Cultures: Effects of the Organic Loading Rate.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Barroso%2C+Andressa+Gomes%22">Barroso, Andressa Gomes</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> andressagb@usp.br</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Augusto%2C+Isabela+Mehi+Gaspari%22">Augusto, Isabela Mehi Gaspari</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rodrigues%2C+José+Alberto+Domingues%22">Rodrigues, José Alberto Domingues</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Oliveira%2C+Guilherme+Henrique+Duarte%22">Oliveira, Guilherme Henrique Duarte</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are fully biodegradable polyesters synthesized by microorganisms from renewable carbon sources, including agro-industrial residues. Soy molasses, a carbohydrate-rich by-product of soybean processing, can be fermented to produce organic acids suitable for PHA production. The established process to produce PHA using mixed microbial cultures (MMC) comprises three stages: acidogenic fermentation, microbial enrichment and PHA accumulation. This study investigated PHA production by MMC through the application of different organic loading rates (OLR) in the enrichment stage in a sequential batch reactor (SBR). The nominal OLR values applied were 2.0, 3.5 and 7.0 kg COD m⁻³ d⁻¹. Among the evaluated conditions, the best measured OLR for selecting PHA-producing MMC was 6.78 ± 0.37 kg COD m⁻³ d⁻¹, based on stability in the enrichment reactor (F/F, 0.15 ± 0.06) and maximum volumetric PHA productivity (0.15 g PHA L⁻¹ h⁻¹) in the accumulation assay. Biomass from the best conditions was also evaluated in an accumulation stage with acidified soy molasses fortified with its main organic acids (lactic, valeric, acetic, and butyric), at a concentration of 79 kg COD m− 3. When using fortified molasses as a substrate, productivity increased to 0.38 g PHA L⁻¹ h⁻¹, with a yield of 0.48 g COD−PHA g COD−dosed⁻¹ (soluble COD), demonstrating a positive effect of high substrate concentration on accumulation performance. The biopolymer produced was a PHBV copolymer, with proportions of 3-hydroxybutyrate (HB) to 3-hydroxyvalerate (HV) ranging from 82:18 to 88:12 (mass basis) under non-fortified conditions, changing to 65:35 (mass basis) when fortified molasses was used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Polymers & the Environment is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s10924-026-03906-3
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 14
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Polyhydroxyalkanoates
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Molasses
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Biopolymers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fermentation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mixed culture (Microbiology)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Batch reactors
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Soybean Molasses as a Feedstock for Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) Production by Mixed Microbial Cultures: Effects of the Organic Loading Rate.
        Type: main
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      – PersonEntity:
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            NameFull: Barroso, Andressa Gomes
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            NameFull: Augusto, Isabela Mehi Gaspari
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            NameFull: Rodrigues, José Alberto Domingues
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            NameFull: Oliveira, Guilherme Henrique Duarte
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            – D: 01
              M: 08
              Text: Aug2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 34
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              Value: 8
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            – TitleFull: Journal of Polymers & the Environment
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