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High thermal plasticity, low heritability and constant directional selection on breeding phenology in a viviparous ectotherm.

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Title: High thermal plasticity, low heritability and constant directional selection on breeding phenology in a viviparous ectotherm.
Authors: Bodineau, Théo1 (AUTHOR) theo.bodineau@gmail.com, Rutschmann, Alexis1,2 (AUTHOR), Le Galliard, Jean‐François1,3 (AUTHOR), Massot, Manuel1 (AUTHOR), Richard, Murielle2 (AUTHOR), Clobert, Jean2 (AUTHOR), Meylan, Sandrine1 (AUTHOR), de Villemereuil, Pierre4,5 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Animal Ecology. Oct2026, Vol. 95 Issue 10, p2133-2146. 14p.
Subject Terms: *Climate change, Heritability, Phenotypic plasticity, Sexual cycle, Viviparous lizard, Natural selection
Abstract: Shifting breeding phenology is a widespread response to global warming in ectothermic species such as reptiles, with considerable impacts on reproductive success and population dynamics. Thus, understanding causes and consequences of plasticity and microevolution in breeding phenology is important for determining vulnerability to climate change.Here, we study environmental and individual determinants of breeding phenology, its heritability and the temporal variation of selection on parturition date using a 31‐year monitoring of a wild, viviparous population of common lizards (Zootoca vivipara).Warmer daily maximum temperatures during the post‐winter activity advanced parturition dates and larger females gave birth earlier, but warmer temperatures also reduced size‐related phenological variability. Parturition dates were repeatable but weakly heritable, suggesting that inter‐individual consistency of parturition dates may be related to non‐heritable factors such as home range quality, nutritional condition or behaviour. In addition, we found evidence for a directional selection towards earlier parturition without fluctuation in time.This study highlights the strong inter‐annual thermal plasticity coupled with a limited adaptive potential of breeding phenology in the common lizard. In future, warmer conditions, the interplay between such plasticity and a selection apparently independent from environmental fluctuations would thus essentially depend on the yet unknown costs of thermal plasticity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Animal Ecology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: High thermal plasticity, low heritability and constant directional selection on breeding phenology in a viviparous ectotherm.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bodineau%2C+Théo%22">Bodineau, Théo</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> theo.bodineau@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rutschmann%2C+Alexis%22">Rutschmann, Alexis</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Le+Galliard%2C+Jean‐François%22">Le Galliard, Jean‐François</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Massot%2C+Manuel%22">Massot, Manuel</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Richard%2C+Murielle%22">Richard, Murielle</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Clobert%2C+Jean%22">Clobert, Jean</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Meylan%2C+Sandrine%22">Meylan, Sandrine</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22de+Villemereuil%2C+Pierre%22">de Villemereuil, Pierre</searchLink><relatesTo>4,5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Animal+Ecology%22">Journal of Animal Ecology</searchLink>. Oct2026, Vol. 95 Issue 10, p2133-2146. 14p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Climate+change%22">Climate change</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Heritability%22">Heritability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phenotypic+plasticity%22">Phenotypic plasticity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sexual+cycle%22">Sexual cycle</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Viviparous+lizard%22">Viviparous lizard</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Natural+selection%22">Natural selection</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Shifting breeding phenology is a widespread response to global warming in ectothermic species such as reptiles, with considerable impacts on reproductive success and population dynamics. Thus, understanding causes and consequences of plasticity and microevolution in breeding phenology is important for determining vulnerability to climate change.Here, we study environmental and individual determinants of breeding phenology, its heritability and the temporal variation of selection on parturition date using a 31‐year monitoring of a wild, viviparous population of common lizards (Zootoca vivipara).Warmer daily maximum temperatures during the post‐winter activity advanced parturition dates and larger females gave birth earlier, but warmer temperatures also reduced size‐related phenological variability. Parturition dates were repeatable but weakly heritable, suggesting that inter‐individual consistency of parturition dates may be related to non‐heritable factors such as home range quality, nutritional condition or behaviour. In addition, we found evidence for a directional selection towards earlier parturition without fluctuation in time.This study highlights the strong inter‐annual thermal plasticity coupled with a limited adaptive potential of breeding phenology in the common lizard. In future, warmer conditions, the interplay between such plasticity and a selection apparently independent from environmental fluctuations would thus essentially depend on the yet unknown costs of thermal plasticity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Animal Ecology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1111/1365-2656.70335
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 14
        StartPage: 2133
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Climate change
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Heritability
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Phenotypic plasticity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sexual cycle
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Viviparous lizard
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Natural selection
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: High thermal plasticity, low heritability and constant directional selection on breeding phenology in a viviparous ectotherm.
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            NameFull: Bodineau, Théo
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            NameFull: Rutschmann, Alexis
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            NameFull: Le Galliard, Jean‐François
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            NameFull: Massot, Manuel
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            NameFull: Richard, Murielle
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            – D: 01
              M: 10
              Text: Oct2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 00218790
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              Value: 95
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              Value: 10
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Journal of Animal Ecology
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