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Origin and Properties of Oltu Gemstone Coal.

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Title: Origin and Properties of Oltu Gemstone Coal.
Authors: Karayigit, A. I.1 aik@hacettepe.edu.tr
Source: Energy Sources Part A: Recovery, Utilization & Environmental Effects. Oct2007, Vol. 29 Issue 14, p1279-1284. 6p. 2 Black and White Photographs, 1 Graph, 1 Map.
Subject Terms: *Coal, *Sulfur, *Volatile organic compounds, Gems & precious stones, Ash (Combustion product), Briquets, Resinite, Quartz, Amorphous substances
Abstract: This study focuses on the origin and properties of the Oltu gemstone or Oltustone. The Oltu gemstone known as 'Black Amber' is dull-bright black color, and is very low ash, high volatile matter, total sulfur and calorific value. Very high volatile matter content on a dry-ash free basis (66.52%) and non-agglomerating character imply that its coal rank is very low. The Oltu gemstone includes abundant organic (amorphous) matter and trace amounts of quartz and pyrite. Petrographic study indicated that pyrite and quartz generally finely disseminated the organic matter. Major and trace element data have low concentrations. The trace element concentrations fall within the range values for the most world coals, except for Bi that exceeds range values (0.1-0.5 μg/g) in most world coals. Petrographic observations on the polished briquette have shown that the gemstone was made of xylite including mainly textinite and corpohuminite, minor amounts of resinite and liptodetrinite. Mean values of random reflectance (%Rr) measurements on the textinite and corpohuminite are 0.23 and 0.30%Rr, respectively. These values indicate very low coal rank, in agreement with the volatile matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Energy Sources Part A: Recovery, Utilization & Environmental Effects is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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An: 26386597
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  Data: Origin and Properties of Oltu Gemstone Coal.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Karayigit%2C+A%2E+I%2E%22">Karayigit, A. I.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> aik@hacettepe.edu.tr</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Energy+Sources+Part+A%3A+Recovery%2C+Utilization+%26+Environmental+Effects%22">Energy Sources Part A: Recovery, Utilization & Environmental Effects</searchLink>. Oct2007, Vol. 29 Issue 14, p1279-1284. 6p. 2 Black and White Photographs, 1 Graph, 1 Map.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Coal%22">Coal</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sulfur%22">Sulfur</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Volatile+organic+compounds%22">Volatile organic compounds</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gems+%26+precious+stones%22">Gems & precious stones</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ash+%28Combustion+product%29%22">Ash (Combustion product)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Briquets%22">Briquets</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Resinite%22">Resinite</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Quartz%22">Quartz</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Amorphous+substances%22">Amorphous substances</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This study focuses on the origin and properties of the Oltu gemstone or Oltustone. The Oltu gemstone known as 'Black Amber' is dull-bright black color, and is very low ash, high volatile matter, total sulfur and calorific value. Very high volatile matter content on a dry-ash free basis (66.52%) and non-agglomerating character imply that its coal rank is very low. The Oltu gemstone includes abundant organic (amorphous) matter and trace amounts of quartz and pyrite. Petrographic study indicated that pyrite and quartz generally finely disseminated the organic matter. Major and trace element data have low concentrations. The trace element concentrations fall within the range values for the most world coals, except for Bi that exceeds range values (0.1-0.5 μg/g) in most world coals. Petrographic observations on the polished briquette have shown that the gemstone was made of xylite including mainly textinite and corpohuminite, minor amounts of resinite and liptodetrinite. Mean values of random reflectance (%Rr) measurements on the textinite and corpohuminite are 0.23 and 0.30%Rr, respectively. These values indicate very low coal rank, in agreement with the volatile matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Energy Sources Part A: Recovery, Utilization & Environmental Effects is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/00908310500434549
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 6
        StartPage: 1279
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      – SubjectFull: Coal
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sulfur
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Volatile organic compounds
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Gems & precious stones
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ash (Combustion product)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Briquets
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Resinite
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Quartz
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Amorphous substances
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Origin and Properties of Oltu Gemstone Coal.
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              Text: Oct2007
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              Y: 2007
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            – TitleFull: Energy Sources Part A: Recovery, Utilization & Environmental Effects
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