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An evaluation of procedures for the digestion of soils and vegetation from areas with metalliferous pollution.

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Title: An evaluation of procedures for the digestion of soils and vegetation from areas with metalliferous pollution.
Authors: Wilson, Bob1 bob.wilson@ntu.ac.uk, Braithwaite, Alan2, Pyatt, F. Brian1
Source: Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry. Jul-Sep2005, Vol. 87 Issue 3, p335-344. 10p. 2 Charts, 4 Graphs.
Subject Terms: *Soil pollution, *Environmental soil science, *Environmental protection, *Environmental health, *Soil remediation
Abstract: Various digestion or extraction processes are available for the determination of trace metals in environmental samples using diverse analytical techniques. Our research examines the most efficient and reproducible methods of digestion utilising readily available laboratory equipment, reagents and instrumentation. Extraction procedures reported in over 80 recent research works were considered and the most common methods were critically evaluated. Thus nitric acid, nitric acid/perchloric acid, aqua regia, nitric acid/hydrogen peroxide and microwave-assisted methods were investigated using soil and leaf samples collected adjacent to three old metalliferous workings. Analysis was carried out using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and the results were evaluated. Differences in efficiency of extraction relative to specific metals and different substrates are highlighted and recommendations made for a digestion procedure suitable for environmental samples. Aqua regia produced the most accurate, efficient and reproducible results; we consider methods of improving both of these factors and sample preparation. Our recommended methodology has applications in environmental surveys, environmental geology, environmental toxicology, geochemistry and provides a means of obtaining meaningful and reliable results for the determination of metals present in soils, minerals and vegetation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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An: 33022152
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  Data: An evaluation of procedures for the digestion of soils and vegetation from areas with metalliferous pollution.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wilson%2C+Bob%22">Wilson, Bob</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> bob.wilson@ntu.ac.uk</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Braithwaite%2C+Alan%22">Braithwaite, Alan</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pyatt%2C+F%2E+Brian%22">Pyatt, F. Brian</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Toxicological+%26+Environmental+Chemistry%22">Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry</searchLink>. Jul-Sep2005, Vol. 87 Issue 3, p335-344. 10p. 2 Charts, 4 Graphs.
– Name: Subject
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Soil+pollution%22">Soil pollution</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Environmental+soil+science%22">Environmental soil science</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Environmental+protection%22">Environmental protection</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Environmental+health%22">Environmental health</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Soil+remediation%22">Soil remediation</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Various digestion or extraction processes are available for the determination of trace metals in environmental samples using diverse analytical techniques. Our research examines the most efficient and reproducible methods of digestion utilising readily available laboratory equipment, reagents and instrumentation. Extraction procedures reported in over 80 recent research works were considered and the most common methods were critically evaluated. Thus nitric acid, nitric acid/perchloric acid, aqua regia, nitric acid/hydrogen peroxide and microwave-assisted methods were investigated using soil and leaf samples collected adjacent to three old metalliferous workings. Analysis was carried out using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and the results were evaluated. Differences in efficiency of extraction relative to specific metals and different substrates are highlighted and recommendations made for a digestion procedure suitable for environmental samples. Aqua regia produced the most accurate, efficient and reproducible results; we consider methods of improving both of these factors and sample preparation. Our recommended methodology has applications in environmental surveys, environmental geology, environmental toxicology, geochemistry and provides a means of obtaining meaningful and reliable results for the determination of metals present in soils, minerals and vegetation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1080/02772240500165570
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 10
        StartPage: 335
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Soil pollution
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Environmental soil science
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Environmental protection
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Environmental health
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Soil remediation
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: An evaluation of procedures for the digestion of soils and vegetation from areas with metalliferous pollution.
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            NameFull: Wilson, Bob
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            NameFull: Braithwaite, Alan
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            NameFull: Pyatt, F. Brian
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            – D: 01
              M: 07
              Text: Jul-Sep2005
              Type: published
              Y: 2005
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              Value: 87
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            – TitleFull: Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry
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