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Seed terminal velocity, wind turbulence, and demography drive the spread of an invasive tree in an analytical model.

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Title: Seed terminal velocity, wind turbulence, and demography drive the spread of an invasive tree in an analytical model.
Authors: Caplat, Paul1,2 paul.caplat@gmail.com, Nathan, Ran3, Buckley, Yvonne M.1,2
Source: Ecology. Feb2012, Vol. 93 Issue 2, p368-377. 10p.
Subject Terms: *Invasive plants, Corsican pine, Wind speed measurement, Seed dispersal, Effect of turbulence on plants, Atmospheric temperature standard deviations, Astronomical perturbation, Equipment & supplies
Geographic Terms: New Zealand
Abstract: Little is known about the relative importance of mechanistic drivers of plant spread, particularly when long-distance dispersal (LDD) events occur. Most methods to date approach LDD phenomenologically, and all mechanistic models, with one exception, have been implemented through simulation. Furthermore, the few recent mechanistically derived spread models have examined the relative role of different dispersal parameters using simulations, and a formal analytical approach has not yet been implemented. Here we incorporate an analytical mechanistic wind dispersal model (WALD) into a demographic matrix model within an analytical integrodifference equation spread model. We carry out analytical perturbation analysis on the combined model to determine the relative effects of dispersal and demographic traits and wind statistics on the spread of an invasive tree. Models are parameterized using data collected in situ and tested using independent data on historical spread. Predicted spread rates and direction match well the two historical phases of observed spread. Seed terminal velocity has the greatest potential influence on spread rate, and three wind properties (turbulence coefficient, mean horizontal wind speed, and standard deviation of vertical wind speed) are also important. Fecundity has marginal importance for spread rate, but juvenile survival and establishment are consistently important. This coupled empirical/ theoretical framework enables prediction of plant spread rate and direction using fundamental dispersal and demographic parameters and identifies the traits and environmental conditions that facilitate spread. The development of an analytical perturbation analysis for a mechanistic spread model will enable multispecies comparative studies to be easily implemented in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Ecology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: GreenFILE
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Header DbId: 8gh
DbLabel: GreenFILE
An: 74605269
AccessLevel: 6
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PubTypeId: academicJournal
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
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  Data: Seed terminal velocity, wind turbulence, and demography drive the spread of an invasive tree in an analytical model.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Caplat%2C+Paul%22">Caplat, Paul</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><i> paul.caplat@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nathan%2C+Ran%22">Nathan, Ran</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Buckley%2C+Yvonne+M%2E%22">Buckley, Yvonne M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Ecology%22">Ecology</searchLink>. Feb2012, Vol. 93 Issue 2, p368-377. 10p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Invasive+plants%22">Invasive plants</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Corsican+pine%22">Corsican pine</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wind+speed+measurement%22">Wind speed measurement</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Seed+dispersal%22">Seed dispersal</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Effect+of+turbulence+on+plants%22">Effect of turbulence on plants</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Atmospheric+temperature+standard+deviations%22">Atmospheric temperature standard deviations</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Astronomical+perturbation%22">Astronomical perturbation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Equipment+%26+supplies%22">Equipment & supplies</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22New+Zealand%22">New Zealand</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Little is known about the relative importance of mechanistic drivers of plant spread, particularly when long-distance dispersal (LDD) events occur. Most methods to date approach LDD phenomenologically, and all mechanistic models, with one exception, have been implemented through simulation. Furthermore, the few recent mechanistically derived spread models have examined the relative role of different dispersal parameters using simulations, and a formal analytical approach has not yet been implemented. Here we incorporate an analytical mechanistic wind dispersal model (WALD) into a demographic matrix model within an analytical integrodifference equation spread model. We carry out analytical perturbation analysis on the combined model to determine the relative effects of dispersal and demographic traits and wind statistics on the spread of an invasive tree. Models are parameterized using data collected in situ and tested using independent data on historical spread. Predicted spread rates and direction match well the two historical phases of observed spread. Seed terminal velocity has the greatest potential influence on spread rate, and three wind properties (turbulence coefficient, mean horizontal wind speed, and standard deviation of vertical wind speed) are also important. Fecundity has marginal importance for spread rate, but juvenile survival and establishment are consistently important. This coupled empirical/ theoretical framework enables prediction of plant spread rate and direction using fundamental dispersal and demographic parameters and identifies the traits and environmental conditions that facilitate spread. The development of an analytical perturbation analysis for a mechanistic spread model will enable multispecies comparative studies to be easily implemented in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Ecology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1890/11-0820.1
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 10
        StartPage: 368
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Invasive plants
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Corsican pine
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Wind speed measurement
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Seed dispersal
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Effect of turbulence on plants
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Atmospheric temperature standard deviations
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Astronomical perturbation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Equipment & supplies
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: New Zealand
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Seed terminal velocity, wind turbulence, and demography drive the spread of an invasive tree in an analytical model.
        Type: main
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            NameFull: Caplat, Paul
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            NameFull: Nathan, Ran
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            NameFull: Buckley, Yvonne M.
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            – D: 01
              M: 02
              Text: Feb2012
              Type: published
              Y: 2012
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              Value: 93
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            – TitleFull: Ecology
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