Changes in air quality at near-roadway schools after a major freeway expansion in Las Vegas, Nevada.
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| Title: | Changes in air quality at near-roadway schools after a major freeway expansion in Las Vegas, Nevada. |
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| Authors: | Brown, Steven G.1, McCarthy, Michael C.1, DeWinter, Jennifer L.1, Vaughn, David L.1, Roberts, Paul T.1 |
| Source: | Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Taylor & Francis Ltd). Sep2014, Vol. 64 Issue 9, p1003-1012. 10p. |
| Subject Terms: | *Air quality, *Soot, *Carbon monoxide, *Emissions (Air pollution), *Vehicles & the environment, Express highways |
| Geographic Terms: | Las Vegas (Nev.) |
| Abstract: | Near-roadway ambient black carbon (BC) and carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations were measured at two schools adjacent to a freeway and at an urban background school 2 km from the freeway to determine the change in concentrations attributable to vehicle emissions after the three-lane expansion of U.S. Highway 95 (US 95) in Las Vegas, Nevada. Between summer 2007 and summer 2008, average weekday small-vehicle volume increased by 40% ± 2% (standard error). Average weekday large-vehicle volume decreased by 17% ± 5%, due to a downturn in the economy and an associated decline in goods movement. Average vehicle speed increased from 58 to 69 mph, a 16% ± 1% increase. The authors compared BC and CO concentrations in summer 2007 with those in summer 2008 to understand what effect the expansion of the freeway may have had on ambient concentrations: BC and CO were measured 17 m north of the freeway sound wall, CO was measured 20 m south of the sound wall, and BC was measured at an urban background site 2 km south of the freeway. Between summer 2007 and summer 2008, median BC decreased at the near-road site by 40% ± 2% and also decreased at the urban background site by 24% ± 4%, suggesting that much of the change was due to decreases in emissions throughout Las Vegas, rather than only on US 95. CO concentrations decreased by 14% ± 2% and 10% ± 3% at the two near-road sites. The decrease in BC concentrations after the expansion is likely due to the decrease in medium- and heavy-duty-vehicle traffic resulting from the economic recession. The decrease in CO concentrations may be a result of improved traffic flow, despite the increase in light-duty-vehicle traffic.ImplicationsMonitoring of BC and CO at near-road locations in Las Vegas demonstrated the impacts of changes in traffic volume and vehicle speed on near-road concentrations. However, urban-scale declines in concentrations were larger than near-road changes due to the impacts of the economic recession that occurred contemporaneously with the freeway expansion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Taylor & Francis Ltd) is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | GreenFILE |
| FullText | Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: 8gh DbLabel: GreenFILE An: 97454164 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Changes in air quality at near-roadway schools after a major freeway expansion in Las Vegas, Nevada. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Brown%2C+Steven+G%2E%22">Brown, Steven G.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22McCarthy%2C+Michael+C%2E%22">McCarthy, Michael C.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22DeWinter%2C+Jennifer+L%2E%22">DeWinter, Jennifer L.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Vaughn%2C+David+L%2E%22">Vaughn, David L.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Roberts%2C+Paul+T%2E%22">Roberts, Paul T.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association+%28Taylor+%26+Francis+Ltd%29%22">Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Taylor & Francis Ltd)</searchLink>. Sep2014, Vol. 64 Issue 9, p1003-1012. 10p. – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Air+quality%22">Air quality</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Soot%22">Soot</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Carbon+monoxide%22">Carbon monoxide</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Emissions+%28Air+pollution%29%22">Emissions (Air pollution)</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Vehicles+%26+the+environment%22">Vehicles & the environment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Express+highways%22">Express highways</searchLink> – Name: SubjectGeographic Label: Geographic Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Las+Vegas+%28Nev%2E%29%22">Las Vegas (Nev.)</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Near-roadway ambient black carbon (BC) and carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations were measured at two schools adjacent to a freeway and at an urban background school 2 km from the freeway to determine the change in concentrations attributable to vehicle emissions after the three-lane expansion of U.S. Highway 95 (US 95) in Las Vegas, Nevada. Between summer 2007 and summer 2008, average weekday small-vehicle volume increased by 40% ± 2% (standard error). Average weekday large-vehicle volume decreased by 17% ± 5%, due to a downturn in the economy and an associated decline in goods movement. Average vehicle speed increased from 58 to 69 mph, a 16% ± 1% increase. The authors compared BC and CO concentrations in summer 2007 with those in summer 2008 to understand what effect the expansion of the freeway may have had on ambient concentrations: BC and CO were measured 17 m north of the freeway sound wall, CO was measured 20 m south of the sound wall, and BC was measured at an urban background site 2 km south of the freeway. Between summer 2007 and summer 2008, median BC decreased at the near-road site by 40% ± 2% and also decreased at the urban background site by 24% ± 4%, suggesting that much of the change was due to decreases in emissions throughout Las Vegas, rather than only on US 95. CO concentrations decreased by 14% ± 2% and 10% ± 3% at the two near-road sites. The decrease in BC concentrations after the expansion is likely due to the decrease in medium- and heavy-duty-vehicle traffic resulting from the economic recession. The decrease in CO concentrations may be a result of improved traffic flow, despite the increase in light-duty-vehicle traffic.ImplicationsMonitoring of BC and CO at near-road locations in Las Vegas demonstrated the impacts of changes in traffic volume and vehicle speed on near-road concentrations. However, urban-scale declines in concentrations were larger than near-road changes due to the impacts of the economic recession that occurred contemporaneously with the freeway expansion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Taylor & Francis Ltd) is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1080/10962247.2014.907217 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 10 StartPage: 1003 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Air quality Type: general – SubjectFull: Soot Type: general – SubjectFull: Carbon monoxide Type: general – SubjectFull: Emissions (Air pollution) Type: general – SubjectFull: Vehicles & the environment Type: general – SubjectFull: Express highways Type: general – SubjectFull: Las Vegas (Nev.) Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Changes in air quality at near-roadway schools after a major freeway expansion in Las Vegas, Nevada. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Brown, Steven G. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: McCarthy, Michael C. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: DeWinter, Jennifer L. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Vaughn, David L. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Roberts, Paul T. IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 09 Text: Sep2014 Type: published Y: 2014 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 10962247 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 64 – Type: issue Value: 9 Titles: – TitleFull: Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Taylor & Francis Ltd) Type: main |
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