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Risks and Benefits of Green Spaces for Children: A Cross-Sectional Study of Associations with Sedentary Behavior, Obesity, Asthma, and Allergy.

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Title: Risks and Benefits of Green Spaces for Children: A Cross-Sectional Study of Associations with Sedentary Behavior, Obesity, Asthma, and Allergy.
Authors: Dadvand, Payam1,2 pdadvand@creal.cat, Villanueva, Cristina M.1,2, Font-Ribera, Laia1,2,3, Martinez, David1,2, Basagaña, Xavier1,2, Belmonte, Jordina4,5, Vrijheid, Martine1,2, Gražulevičiene, Regina6, Kogevinas, Manolis1,2,3, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J.1,2
Source: Environmental Health Perspectives. Dec2014, Vol. 122 Issue 12, p1329-1335. 7p. 3 Charts.
Subject Terms: *Nature, Asthma in children, Confidence intervals, Seasonal variations of diseases, Allergic rhinitis, Childhood obesity, Questionnaires, Logistic regression analysis, Residential patterns, Body mass index, Cross-sectional method, Sedentary lifestyles, Data analysis software, Odds ratio
Geographic Terms: Spain
Abstract: Background: Green spaces have been associated with both health benefits and risks in children; however, available evidence simultaneously investigating these conflicting influences, especially in association with different types of greenness, is scarce. Objectives: We aimed to simultaneously evaluate health benefits and risks associated with different types of greenness in children, in terms of sedentary behavior (represented by excessive screen time), obesity, current asthma, and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of a population-based sample of 3,178 schoolchildren (9–12 years old) in Sabadell, Spain, in 2006. Information on outcomes and covariates was obtained by questionnaire. We measured residential surrounding greenness as the average of satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in buffers of 100 m, 250 m, 500 m, and 1,000 m around each home address. Residential proximity to green spaces was defined as living within 300 m of a forest or a park, as separate variables. We used logistic regression models to estimate associations separately for each exposure–outcome pair, adjusted for relevant covariates. Results: An interquartile range increase in residential surrounding greenness was associated with 11–19% lower relative prevalence of overweight/obesity and excessive screen time, but was not associated with current asthma and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Similarly, residential proximity to forests was associated with 39% and 25% lower relative prevalence of excessive screen time and overweight/obesity, respectively, but was not associated with current asthma. In contrast, living close to parks was associated with a 60% higher relative prevalence of current asthma, but had only weak negative associations with obesity/overweight or excessive screen time. Conclusion: We observed two separable patterns of estimated health benefits and risks associated with different types of greenness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Environmental Health Perspectives is the property of National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Risks and Benefits of Green Spaces for Children: A Cross-Sectional Study of Associations with Sedentary Behavior, Obesity, Asthma, and Allergy.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Environmental+Health+Perspectives%22">Environmental Health Perspectives</searchLink>. Dec2014, Vol. 122 Issue 12, p1329-1335. 7p. 3 Charts.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nature%22">Nature</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Asthma+in+children%22">Asthma in children</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Confidence+intervals%22">Confidence intervals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Seasonal+variations+of+diseases%22">Seasonal variations of diseases</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Allergic+rhinitis%22">Allergic rhinitis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Childhood+obesity%22">Childhood obesity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Questionnaires%22">Questionnaires</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Logistic+regression+analysis%22">Logistic regression analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Residential+patterns%22">Residential patterns</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Body+mass+index%22">Body mass index</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cross-sectional+method%22">Cross-sectional method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sedentary+lifestyles%22">Sedentary lifestyles</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis+software%22">Data analysis software</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Odds+ratio%22">Odds ratio</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Spain%22">Spain</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Background: Green spaces have been associated with both health benefits and risks in children; however, available evidence simultaneously investigating these conflicting influences, especially in association with different types of greenness, is scarce. Objectives: We aimed to simultaneously evaluate health benefits and risks associated with different types of greenness in children, in terms of sedentary behavior (represented by excessive screen time), obesity, current asthma, and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of a population-based sample of 3,178 schoolchildren (9–12 years old) in Sabadell, Spain, in 2006. Information on outcomes and covariates was obtained by questionnaire. We measured residential surrounding greenness as the average of satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in buffers of 100 m, 250 m, 500 m, and 1,000 m around each home address. Residential proximity to green spaces was defined as living within 300 m of a forest or a park, as separate variables. We used logistic regression models to estimate associations separately for each exposure–outcome pair, adjusted for relevant covariates. Results: An interquartile range increase in residential surrounding greenness was associated with 11–19% lower relative prevalence of overweight/obesity and excessive screen time, but was not associated with current asthma and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Similarly, residential proximity to forests was associated with 39% and 25% lower relative prevalence of excessive screen time and overweight/obesity, respectively, but was not associated with current asthma. In contrast, living close to parks was associated with a 60% higher relative prevalence of current asthma, but had only weak negative associations with obesity/overweight or excessive screen time. Conclusion: We observed two separable patterns of estimated health benefits and risks associated with different types of greenness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Environmental Health Perspectives is the property of National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1289/ehp.1308038
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Nature
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Asthma in children
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Confidence intervals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Seasonal variations of diseases
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      – SubjectFull: Allergic rhinitis
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      – SubjectFull: Childhood obesity
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      – SubjectFull: Questionnaires
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      – SubjectFull: Logistic regression analysis
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      – SubjectFull: Residential patterns
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      – SubjectFull: Body mass index
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      – SubjectFull: Cross-sectional method
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      – SubjectFull: Sedentary lifestyles
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      – SubjectFull: Data analysis software
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      – SubjectFull: Odds ratio
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      – SubjectFull: Spain
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      – TitleFull: Risks and Benefits of Green Spaces for Children: A Cross-Sectional Study of Associations with Sedentary Behavior, Obesity, Asthma, and Allergy.
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              Text: Dec2014
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