Cryptography-based privacy-preserving large language models: a lifecycle survey of frameworks, methods, and future directions.

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Title: Cryptography-based privacy-preserving large language models: a lifecycle survey of frameworks, methods, and future directions.
Authors: Luo, Jinglong1,2, luojl@pcl.ac.cn, Zhang, Yehong2, Zhang, Zhuo1,2, Liu, Shiyu3, Dong, Ye4, Li, Haoran5, Yu, Yue2, Wang, Hui2, Zhou, Xun1,2, zhouxun2023@hit.edu.cn, Xu, Zenglin6,7
Source: Artificial Intelligence Review; Feb2026, Vol. 59 Issue 2, p1-45, 45p
Database: Applied Science & Technology Source
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  Data: Cryptography-based privacy-preserving large language models: a lifecycle survey of frameworks, methods, and future directions.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Luo%2C+Jinglong%22">Luo, Jinglong</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo>, <i>luojl@pcl.ac.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zhang%2C+Yehong%22">Zhang, Yehong</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zhang%2C+Zhuo%22">Zhang, Zhuo</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Liu%2C+Shiyu%22">Liu, Shiyu</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Dong%2C+Ye%22">Dong, Ye</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Li%2C+Haoran%22">Li, Haoran</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Yu%2C+Yue%22">Yu, Yue</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wang%2C+Hui%22">Wang, Hui</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zhou%2C+Xun%22">Zhou, Xun</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo>, <i>zhouxun2023@hit.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Xu%2C+Zenglin%22">Xu, Zenglin</searchLink><relatesTo>6,7</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Artificial+Intelligence+Review%22">Artificial Intelligence Review</searchLink>; Feb2026, Vol. 59 Issue 2, p1-45, 45p
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=aci&AN=190978758
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        Value: 10.1007/s10462-025-11466-6
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              Text: Feb2026
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