APA (7th ed.) Citation

Nawaz, S., Bhowmik, J., Linden, T., & Mitchell, M. (2026). Understanding smartphone usage behaviours: Developing and validating the brief problematic smartphone use and dependence scale. Behaviour & Information Technology, 45(3), 478. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2025.2522203

Chicago Style (17th ed.) Citation

Nawaz, Saqib, Jahar Bhowmik, Tanya Linden, and Matthew Mitchell. "Understanding Smartphone Usage Behaviours: Developing and Validating the Brief Problematic Smartphone Use and Dependence Scale." Behaviour & Information Technology 45, no. 3 (2026): 478. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2025.2522203.

MLA (9th ed.) Citation

Nawaz, Saqib, et al. "Understanding Smartphone Usage Behaviours: Developing and Validating the Brief Problematic Smartphone Use and Dependence Scale." Behaviour & Information Technology, vol. 45, no. 3, 2026, p. 478, https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2025.2522203.