APA (7th ed.) Citation

Humaidi, A. J., Hashim, A. A., Al-Shuwaili, A., & Kadhim, S. K. (2026). Particle swarm optimization of adaptive backstepping sliding mode control for a PAM-actuated hanging mass. International Review of Applied Sciences & Engineering, 17(2), 1. https://doi.org/10.1556/1848.2025.01041

Chicago Style (17th ed.) Citation

Humaidi, Amjad J., Ahmed A. Hashim, Ali Al-Shuwaili, and Saleem K. Kadhim. "Particle Swarm Optimization of Adaptive Backstepping Sliding Mode Control for a PAM-actuated Hanging Mass." International Review of Applied Sciences & Engineering 17, no. 2 (2026): 1. https://doi.org/10.1556/1848.2025.01041.

MLA (9th ed.) Citation

Humaidi, Amjad J., et al. "Particle Swarm Optimization of Adaptive Backstepping Sliding Mode Control for a PAM-actuated Hanging Mass." International Review of Applied Sciences & Engineering, vol. 17, no. 2, 2026, p. 1, https://doi.org/10.1556/1848.2025.01041.