Treatment with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor is associated with reduced indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity and kynurenine pathway catabolites in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. - Schefold JC; Zeden J; Pschowski R; Hammoud B; Fotopoulou C; Hasper D; Fusch G; Von Haehling S; Volk H; Meisel C; Schütt C; Reinke P (Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2010)